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. 2019 Dec 16;111(2):307–318. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz282

TABLE 4.

Fasted circulating plasma bile acid concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic participants BT (week 1) and AT (week 8) with WAs or CB1

WAs CB
Parameters L n/N BT (95% CI) AT (95% CI) BT (95% CI) AT (95% CI) P value
Cholic acid, nM 160/40 55.4 (36.9, 83.2) 41.5 (27.6, 62.3) 38.7 (25.8, 58.2) 49.0 (32.6, 73.6) 0.346
Chenodeoxycholic acid, nM 160/40 44.4 (29.7, 66.3) 34.0 (22.8, 50.8) 35.2 (23.6, 52.5) 40.0 (26.8, 59.7) 0.344
Deoxycholic acid, nM 160/40 93.9 (67.4, 130.7) 98.5 (70.7, 137.1) 99.1 (71.2, 137.9) 105.4 (75.7, 146.7) 0.603
Lithocholic acid, nM 160/40 5.9 (5.0, 6.9) 6.1 (5.1, 7.1) 6.1 (5.2, 7.2) 6.4 (5.4, 7.5) 0.523
Glycocholic acid, nM 160/40 86.8 (64.3, 117.2) 62.9 (46.6, 84.8) 73.0 (54.1, 98.5) 62.5 (46.3, 84.3) 0.967
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid, nM 160/40 226.1 (164.5, 310.9) 191.1 (139.0, 262.7) 184.0 (133.9, 253.0) 188.6 (137.2, 259.2) 0.928
Glycodeoxycholic acid, nM 160/40 79.8 (54.0, 117.8) 76.9 (52.1, 113.6) 70.2 (47.6, 103.7) 66.0 (44.7, 97.5) 0.261
Glycolithocholic acid, nM 140/38 6.2 (4.7, 8.2) 5.1 (3.9, 6.7) 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) 4.9 (3.7, 6.4) 0.815
Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, nM 156/40 23.2 (15.4, 35.0) 20.2 (13.4, 30.5) 21.0 (13.9, 31.6) 21.7 (14.4, 32.6) 0.656
Taurocholic acid, nM 160/40 12.3 (9.0, 16.8) 9.4 (6.9, 12.8) 10.4 (7.6, 14.2) 9.3 (6.8, 12.7) 0.959
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, nM 160/40 25.8 (18.6, 35.6) 22.1 (16.0, 30.5) 23.8 (17.2, 32.9) 22.6 (16.4, 31.3) 0.847
Taurodeoxycholic.acid, nM 160/40 13.8 (9.8, 19.4) 12.5 (8.9, 17.5) 12.2 (8.7, 17.2) 11.2 (8.0, 15.7) 0.424
Taurolithocholic acid, nM 160/40 2.3 (2.1, 2.7) 2.3 (2.0, 2.6) 2.2 (2.0, 2.5) 2.1 (1.8, 2.3) 0.235
1

Values are means (for nontransformed variables mean is equal to median) or medians (for the log-transformed variables) with (500) bootstrap 95% CIs estimated with a joint mixed-effect linear model on BT and AT data, adjusted for subject variability. AT, after treatment; BT, before treatment; CB, control beverage; L, the model was built using the log10-transformed variable and the values are back-transformed in the original scale for the reader's convenience; n, number of observations; N, number of subjects; WA, whole apple.