TABLE 5.
Vascular function, blood pressure, and PWA indexes in mildly hypercholesterolemic participants BT (week 1) and AT (week 8) with WAs or CB1
| WAs | CB | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | L | n/N | BT (95% CI) | AT (95% CI) | BT (95% CI) | AT (95% CI) | P value |
| LDI | |||||||
| Ach AUC, PU | ✓ | 132/33 | 821 (742.5, 908.8) | 853 (771.0, 943.6) | 784 (708.6, 867.3) | 760 (686.9, 840.7) | 0.037 |
| SNP AUC, PU | ✓ | 132/33 | 881 (790.5, 982.6) | 911 (816.8, 1015.3) | 853 (765.5, 951.5) | 829 (743.1, 923.8) | 0.135 |
| ABPM | |||||||
| PP, mm Hg | ✓ | 160/40 | 42 (39.5, 44.6) | 41 (38.5, 43.4) | 42 (39.4, 44.4) | 41 (38.9, 43.8) | 0.699 |
| Brachial SBP, mm Hg | ✓ | 160/40 | 121 (117.0, 125.0) | 120 (116.4, 124.3) | 121 (117.0, 125.0) | 122 (117.7, 125.7) | 0.167 |
| Brachial DBP, mm Hg | 160/40 | 79 (76.1, 81.3) | 79 (76.7, 82.0) | 79 (76.5, 81.7) | 80 (77.6, 82.9) | 0.367 | |
| PWA | |||||||
| Central SBP, mm Hg | ✓ | 148/37 | 114 (109.6, 119.6) | 113 (108.7, 118.6) | 115 (110.5, 120.5) | 115 (109.8, 119.8) | 0.388 |
| Central DBP, mm Hg | 148/37 | 76 (73.2, 78.7) | 75 (72.2, 77.7) | 76 (73.2, 78.7) | 75 (72.6, 78.0) | 0.700 | |
| Central PP, mm Hg | ✓ | 148/37 | 38 (35.1, 41.5) | 38 (35.1, 41.6) | 39 (36.1, 42.7) | 39 (36.2, 42.8) | 0.168 |
| Central MP, mm Hg | 148/37 | 93 (89.7, 96.6) | 92 (88.6, 95.5) | 94 (90.1, 97.1) | 93 (89.4, 96.3) | 0.447 | |
| Central AP_HR75, % | 148/37 | 6.8 (4.9, 8.6) | 7.0 (5.2, 8.9) | 7.3 (5.4, 9.2) | 7.2 (5.3, 9.1) | 0.642 | |
| Central AGPH, AS % | 148/37 | 24.8 (20.9, 28.6) | 25.4 (21.6, 29.3) | 25.9 (22.0, 29.7) | 26.5 (22.6, 30.3) | 0.217 | |
| Central AGPH_HR75, AS % | 148/37 | 16.4 (12.4, 20.3) | 17.6 (13.6, 21.5) | 18.0 (14.1, 21.9) | 18.4 (14.5, 22.4) | 0.306 | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | ✓ | 148/37 | 20 (16.2, 24.7) | 22 (18.1, 27.6) | 23 (18.3, 28.0) | 23 (19.0, 29.1) | 0.451 |
| Ejection duration, ms | 146/37 | 345.6 (340.5, 350.6) | 345.6 (340.5, 350.6) | 348.3 (343.2, 353.4) | 346.5 (341.4, 351.6) | 0.592 | |
Values are means (for nontransformed variables mean is equal to median) or medians (for the log-transformed variables) with (500) bootstrap 95% CIs estimated with a joint mixed-effect linear model on BT and AT data, adjusted for subject variability. The treatment effect is statistically significant when P < 0.05. ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitor; Ach, acetylcholine; AGPH, augmentation pressure/pulse height; AGPH_HR75, heart rate–corrected central augmentation pressure/pulse height; AP_HR75, heart rate–corrected augmented pressure; AS, arterial stiffness; AT, after treatment; BT, before treatment; CB, control beverage; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; L, the model was built using the log10-transformed variable and the values are back-transformed in the original scale for the reader's convenience; LDI, laser Doppler iontophoresis; MP, mean pressure; ms, milliseconds; n, number of observations; N, number of subjects; PP, pulse pressure; PU, perfusion units; PWA, pulse wave analysis; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; WA, whole apple.