FIGURE 1.

Path coefficients for associations between anthocyanin intake and volumes of VAT mediated by microbial factors in n= 618 PopGen participants. Values are the path coefficients, calculated using structural equation modeling, for the total and indirect associations between intakes of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich foods, microbial factors, and MRI-determined volumes of VAT. Values in bold represent the total association between intake and VAT controlling for microbial factors; values in italics represent the indirect association between intake and VAT explained by microbial factors; percentage values are the ratio of the indirect to the total association and represent the percentage of variation explained by the microbial factors. Factor 1 is the first principal component (58% of the variance) from analysis of all the microbial factors associated with both intake and VAT. Models adjusted for sex; age (y); smoking (never, former, current); physical activity (metabolic equivalents per week); height (cm); use of vitamin or mineral supplements (yes or no); education level (none or primary/middle school, secondary school or college/further education); daily intakes (in tertiles) of energy (kcal), polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fat (g/d), fiber (g/d), alcohol (g/d), and carbonated drinks (frequency/d); and the ratio of energy intake to estimated energy requirements. PCA, Principal Component Analysis, PCoA, Principal Coordiante Analysis.