Table 1. 1. Comparison of age and age-adjusted values of variables in 41,073 adults aged 30 years or older across survey cycles of the KNHANES data and the KOSIS data.
| Variables | 3rd (2005) | 4th (2007-2009) | 5th (2010-2012) | 6th (2013-2015) | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNHANES data | |||||
| Participants (n) | 3,940 | 12,288 | 13,208 | 11,637 | |
| Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (%) | 32.7 | 34.5 | 37.3 | 36.9 | < 0.001 |
| Age (yrs) | 50.4 | 53.1 | 54.2 | 54.4 | < 0.001 |
| Male (%) | 41.3 | 39.6 | 40.1 | 40.5 | 0.68 |
| Married (%) | 96.8 | 96.9 | 95.7 | 94.5 | < 0.001 |
| Office job worker (%) | 12.7 | 14.4 | 18.4 | 20.0 | < 0.001 |
| Low-income household1) (%) | 22.5 | 24.7 | 17.4 | 15.9 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 | 23.8 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 0.69 |
| Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (%) | 33.5 | 32.6 | 32.5 | 33.7 | 0.05 |
| Current smoker (%) | 21.0 | 18.6 | 15.7 | 14.2 | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol drinker2) (%) | 69.1 | 66.3 | 67.5 | 66.4 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep duration ≤ 6 hours/d (%) | 41.4 | 42.5 | 43.4 | 47.7 | < 0.001 |
| Experiencing stress (%) | 33.6 | 26.7 | 23.9 | 22.3 | < 0.001 |
| Having depressed mood (%) | 16.5 | 16.2 | 12.7 | 7.8 | < 0.001 |
| Use of oral contraceptives3) (%) | 19.3 | 18.5 | 16.3 | 15.9 | < 0.001 |
| Calorie intake (kcal/d) | 1,919.8 | 1,793.3 | 1,940.1 | 1,961.6 | < 0.001 |
| Total fat intake (g/d) | 36.3 | 30.8 | 36.9 | 39.6 | < 0.001 |
| Consumption of high-fat foods | |||||
| Meat (g/d) | 72.8 | 67.8 | 82.8 | 84.5 | < 0.001 |
| Eggs (g/d) | 18.5 | 17.1 | 20.5 | 23.9 | < 0.001 |
| Dairy products (g/d) | 50.5 | 54.7 | 74.4 | 74.7 | < 0.001 |
| Nuts (g/d) | 4.63 | 3.01 | 5.79 | 9.28 | < 0.001 |
| Vegetable oil products (g/d) | 6.65 | 6.27 | 7.21 | 7.42 | < 0.001 |
| Animal fat products (g/d) | 1.75 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.17 | < 0.001 |
| KOSIS data | |||||
| Consumer price index for gasoline | 82.7 | 94.1 | 109.3 | 102.7 | < 0.001 |
KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; KOSIS, Korean Statistical Information Service.
Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia is defined as having serum LDL cholesterol levels ≥130 mg/dL.
1) Based on monthly household income and the number of family members
2) Consumption of an alcoholic beverage at least once a month over the previous year
3) Among women
Number of participants (year): 3,940 (2005), 2,204 (2007), 4,803 (2008), 5,281 (2009), 4,423 (2010), 4,527 (2011), 4,258 (2012), 3,881 (2013), 3,832 (2014), 3,924 (2015)
P for trend was obtained using the Chi-square test for trend (Cochran-Armitage test) and linear trend analysis in ANOVA.