Table 2. Characteristics of study participants according to fried food intake (n = 428).
| Non-fried food consumer | Fried food consumer (% energy intake) | P-value1),2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Age (yrs) | 35.04 ± 8.40 | 34.65 ± 7.90 | 33.22 ± 7.21 | 32.13 ± 7.52 | 0.03 |
| BMI (kg/m2)3)* | 23.41 ± 3.23 | 23.44 ± 4.02 | 23.32 ± 3.57 | 23.75 ± 3.88 | 0.84 |
| Waist circumference (cm)3)* | 79.45 ± 8.60 | 79.28 ± 9.96 | 78.58 ± 8.51 | 79.96 ± 10.01 | 0.74 |
| Smoking status (n, %)* | 0.74 | ||||
| Never | 74 (89.16) | 107 (93.04) | 99 (90.00) | 105 (92.11) | |
| Ever | 9 (10.84) | 8 (6.96) | 11 (10.00) | 9 (7.89) | |
| Alcohol intake (n, %)* | 0.14 | ||||
| Never | 18 (21.69) | 34 (29.57) | 38 (34.23) | 26 (22.81) | |
| Ever | 65 (78.31) | 81 (70.43) | 73 (65.77) | 88 (77.19) | |
| Education (n, %)* | 0.18 | ||||
| High school or below | 28 (33.73) | 30 (26.09) | 41 (36.28) | 45 (39.13) | |
| College or above | 55 (66.27) | 85 (73.91) | 72 (63.72) | 70 (60.87) | |
| Length of stay in Korea (yrs)* | 8.29 ± 5.66 | 8.55 ± 5.42 | 7.55 ± 4.78 | 6.96 ± 4.61 | 0.09 |
| Fast Food (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 70 (84.34) | 80 (69.57) | 62 (53.91) | 61 (53.04) | |
| Yes | 13 (15.66) | 35 (30.43) | 53 (46.09) | 54 (49.96) | |
| Energy intake from fried food (%) | - | 7.32 ± 3.80 | 20.34 ± 4.53 | 44.57 ± 13.50 | < 0.001 |
| Fried food intake (g/d) | - | 84.92 ± 61.58 | 183.82 ± 105.09 | 330.43 ± 177.04 | < 0.001 |
| Total caloric intake (kcal/d) | 1,473.93 ± 615.67 | 1,936.47 ± 693.93 | 1,918.38 ± 752.11 | 1,808.82 ± 704.95 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate intake (% energy intake) | 58.51 ± 14.21 | 58.81 ± 12.35 | 57.65 ± 10.56 | 51.93 ± 9.29 | < 0.001 |
| Protein intake (% energy intake) | 15.80 ± 4.89 | 15.45 ± 4.21 | 16.20 ± 4.72 | 16.47 ± 4.48 | 0.36 |
| Fat intake (% energy intake) | 25.24 ± 11.86 | 25.16 ± 9.56 | 26.39 ± 8.14 | 31.10 ± 7.68 | < 0.001 |
| Sodium intake (mg/d) | 2,367.42 ± 2,067.52 | 3,328.42 ± 2,244.17 | 3,143.34 ± 1,865.62 | 3,274.37 ± 2,188.69 | 0.007 |
| Potassium intake (mg/d) | 1,893.19 ± 966.49 | 2,443.33 ± 1,101.59 | 2,440.67 ± 1,343.57 | 2,059.58 ± 1,043.04 | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol intake (mg/d) | 263.54 ± 404.40 | 341.12 ± 289.90 | 319.35 ± 241.78 | 382.98 ± 300.18 | 0.06 |
1)P-value for continuous was determined by ANOVA: mean ± SD (Standard deviation)
2)P-value for categorical was determined by Chi-square test
3)BMI: Body Mass Index
*Due to missing data, number of participants may not sum up to 428.