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. 2020 Feb 3;10:1678. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58638-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The gap between the present-day and projected future fine-grained ranges for three climate variables in 5,068 Natura 2000 PAs. (a–c) Growing degree days (GDD, °C); (d–f) mean January temperature (°C); (g–i) climatic water balance (mm). The fine-grained (50-m resolution) within-PA future ranges of climate variables are based on RCP2.6 (a,d,g), RCP4.5 (b,e,h) and RCP8.5 (c,f,i). For GDD and the January temperature, the future range either overlaps with the current range or is fully separated above it (indicating a trend towards warmer conditions), whereas for the climatic water balance, the future range overlaps with the current range, or is fully separated either above (positive values, indicating increasingly moist conditions) or below (negative values, indicating increasingly dry conditions) it.