Table 1.
Individual characteristics and biochemical parameters of recruited subjects. Data is expressed as median (25th; 75th percentiles) or number with percentage. CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
| Controls (N = 34) | Periodontitis (N = 34) | CHD (N = 34) | Periodontitis + CHD (N = 34) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55 (52; 57) | 54 (51; 56) | 55 (51; 57) | 56 (52; 58) |
| Gender (male/female) | 17/17 | 18/16 | 16/18 | 17/17 |
| Education level | ||||
| Primary school, n (%) | 12 (35.2) | 13 (38.2) | 12 (35.2) | 13 (38.2) |
| High school, n (%) | 15 (44.1) | 13 (38.2) | 13 (38.2) | 13 (38.2) |
| College/university, n (%) | 7 (20.6) | 8 (23.5) | 9 (26.5) | 7 (20.6) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.9 (21.8; 27.8) | 24.4 (22.5; 26.5) | 25.2 (22.7; 28.6) | 25.5 (21.1; 25.2) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 88.1 (85.4; 92.3) | 89.2 (80.1; 119.2) | 89.2 (81.4; 121.5) | 90.6 (86.5; 122.2) |
| Smokers, n (%) | 4 (11.7) | 4 (11.7) | 3 (8.8) | 5 (14.7) |
| Never smokers, n (%) | 30 (88.2) | 29 (85.2) | 30 (88.2) | 29 (85.2) |
| Past smokers, n (%) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 2 (5.9) |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 3 (8.8) | 3 (8.8) | 2 (5.9) | 3 (8.8) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | — | 2 (5.9)** | 3 (8.8)** | 3 (8.8)** |
| Previous CVD | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | — | — | 7 (20.6)**,§§ | 9 (26.5)**,§§ |
| Angina pectoris, n (%) | — | — | 14 (41.2)**,§§ | 15 (44.1)**,§§ |
| Stroke, n (%) | — | — | 7 (20.6)**,§§ | 9 (26.5)**,§§ |
| Heart failure, n (%) | — | — | 5 (14.7)**,§§ | 6 (17.6)**,§§ |
| Drug treatment of CVD | ||||
| Antihypertensive, n (%) | — | — | 11 (32.3)**,§§ | 12 (35.2)**,§§ |
| Statins, n (%) | — | — | 12 (35.2)**,§§ | 10 (29.4)**,§§ |
| Low-dose aspirin, n (%) | — | — | 8 (23.5)**,§§ | 8 (23.5)**,§§ |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | — | — | 9 (26.5)**,§§ | 10 (29.4)**,§§ |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.7 (2.2; 2.8) | 3.4 (2.8; 3.7)* | 5.9 (5.2; 6.4)** | 6.7 (5.8; 7.5)**,§§,# |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 154 (125; 176) | 169 (137; 177) | 170 (145; 184) | 175 (161; 194) |
| Triglycerids (mg/dl) | 129 (99; 139) | 109 (59; 131) | 141 (122; 157) | 144 (119; 166) |
*p < 0.001 and **p < 0.001 significant differences vs healthy subjects calculated by the Mann Whitney test. §§p < 0.001 significant differences vs periodontitis patients calculated by the Mann Whitney test. #p < 0.008 significant differences vs CHD patients calculated by the Mann Whitney test.