Table 3.
Association of MVPAa after diabetes diagnosis with all-cause and CVD mortality (N = 1026)
| Outcome/activity | n cases/N total | Unadjusted | Adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioural variablesb | Additionally adjusted for BMI | Fully adjustedc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Outcome: All-cause mortality | |||||||||
| MVPA categoryd | |||||||||
| Inactive (no MVPA) | 40/177 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Below recommendations | 70/403 | 0.69 (0.47, 1.02) | 0.060 | 0.66 (0.44, 0.99)* | 0.046 | 0.64 (0.42, 0.98)* | 0.038 | 0.66 (0.43, 1.01) | 0.057 |
| Following recommendations | 55/446 | 0.48 (0.32, 0.72)* | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.32, 0.82)* | 0.005 | 0.51 (0.32, 0.82)* | 0.005 | 0.54 (0.33, 0.88)* | 0.012 |
| Physically inactive vs activee | |||||||||
| Inactive (no MVPA) | 40/177 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Active (any MVPA) | 125/849 | 0.58 (0.41, 0.83)* | 0.003 | 0.60 (0.40, 0.88)* | 0.010 | 0.59 (0.39, 0.88)* | 0.009 | 0.61 (0.41, 0.93)* | 0.020 |
| Following physical activity recommendationsf | |||||||||
| No | 110/580 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 55/446 | 0.62 (0.45, 0.85)* | 0.003 | 0.70 (0.49, 0.98)* | 0.040 | 0.70 (0.50, 1.00) | 0.048 | 0.73 (0.51, 1.05) | 0.088 |
| Outcome: CVD mortality | |||||||||
| MVPA categoryd | |||||||||
| Inactive (no MVPA) | 15/177 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Below recommendations | 28/403 | 0.74 (0.39, 1.40) | 0.355 | 0.81 (0.42, 1.56) | 0.526 | 0.82 (0.42, 1.59) | 0.554 | 0.84 (0.41, 1.70) | 0.629 |
| Following recommendations | 12/446 | 0.29 (0.13, 0.63)* | 0.002 | 0.36 (0.15, 0.85)* | 0.019 | 0.36 (0.15, 0.86)* | 0.021 | 0.40 (0.16, 0.96)* | 0.041 |
| Physically inactive vs activee | |||||||||
| Inactive (no MVPA) | 15/177 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Active (any MVPA) | 40/849 | 0.50 (0.28, 0.92)* | 0.025 | 0.60 (0.31, 1.16) | 0.132 | 0.61 (0.31, 1.19) | 0.149 | 0.65 (0.32, 1.32) | 0.237 |
| Following physical activity recommendationsf | |||||||||
| No | 43/580 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 12/446 | 0.35 (0.19, 0.67)* | 0.001 | 0.41 (0.21, 0.83)* | 0.013 | 0.41 (0.21, 0.83)* | 0.012 | 0.45 (0.23, 0.89)* | 0.022 |
Data are presented as HR (95% CI), estimated using inverse probabilities weighted Cox regression models, for mean follow-up of 8.8 (SD 6.1) years
aMVPA was taken at the first wave with available measurement after diabetes diagnosis
bAdjusted for age (as time-scale), sex, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupational position, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and fruits and vegetables intake
cAdditionally adjusted for hypertension, total cholesterol, SF-36 mental and physical component summary scores, CVD drugs and prevalent CVD
dInactive, 0 h/week of MVPA; below recommendations, 0.1–2.4 h/week of MVPA and <1.25 h/week of VPA; following recommendations, ≥2.5 h/week of MVPA or ≥1.25 h/week of VPA
eInactive, 0 h/week of MVPA; active, >0 h/week of MVPA
fNo, <2.5 h/week of MVPA and <1.25 h/week of VPA; yes ≥2.5 h/week of MVPA or ≥1.25 h/week of VPA
*p < 0.05 (all exact p values presented to account for multiple testing)