Fig. 4.

Application of iSTU-CRISPR/Cas12a in rice protoplasts. a Schematic illustration of the iSTU-CRISPR/Cas12a expression system. The two different guide RNA processing units, DR-DR and HH-HDV, are shown. b Quantification of iSTU-CRISPR/Cas12a (inO) induced mutagenesis at OsDEP1 and OsROC5 target sites by deep sequencing. (C-D) The editing profile of iSTU-CRISPR/Cas12a (inO) based the DR-DR unit. Deletion frequencies of different positions (c) and the total deletion size (d) were quantified by deep sequencing. Data for ‘B-D’ are shown as mean ± s.d. (n = 3)