Table 1.
Basic characteristics of study subjects.
| No diabetes (n = 30) | Type 2 diabetes (n = 57) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 47.8 ± 12.9 | 53.3 ± 11.5 | 0.05 |
| Male | 16 (53.3%) | 37 (64.9%) | 0.293 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7 (23.3%) | 27 (47.4%) | 0.029 |
| Hypertension | 5 (16.7%) | 21(36.8%) | 0.051 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (6.7%) | 7 (12.3%) | 0.713 |
| Current smoker | 0 (0%) | 14 (24.6%) | 0.002 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 82.9 ± 9.7 | 91.0 ± 10.4 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 26.7 ± 3.5 | 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.4 ± 12.6 | 127.2 ± 16.7 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.5 ± 7.0 | 82.1 ± 11.2 | 0.001 |
| PR (/min) | 69.6 ± 11.1 | 76.1 ± 11.8 | 0.015 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.198 |
| ALT (u/l) | 26.0 ± 16.8 | 38.1 ± 25.3 | 0.06 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 89.7 ± 10.5 | 126.2 ± 31.8 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 186.9 ± 37.1 | 181.8 ± 41.2 | 0.64 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 113.9 ± 100.3 | 132.0 ± 63.9 | 0.38 |
| LDL-c (mg/dl) | 105.4 ± 30.9 | 112.0 ± 35.1 | 0.54 |
| HDL-c (mg/dl) | 61.1 ± 17.3 | 43.8 ± 14.6 | 0.001 |
| Aspirin use | 2 (6.7%) | 4 (7.0%) | 1.000 |
| Statin use | 7 (8%) | 23 (26.4%) | 0.112 |
| ACEI/ARB use | 4 (13.3%) | 20 (35.1%) | 0.043 |
| CCB use | 2 (6.7%) | 11 (12.6%) | 0.204 |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent use | 0 (0.0%) | 46 (80.7%) | <0.001 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 2.9 | 0.5 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 0.003 |
| hs-CRP (μg/ml) | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 2.4 | 0.016 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 8.2 ± 5.7 | 5.3 ± 3.9 | 0.007 |
| Resistin (μg/ml) | 10.1 ± 6.0 | 11.0 ± 6.1 | 0.5 |
Values are means ± standard deviations or n (%). SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PR: pulse rate; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6: interleukin 6; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.