Table 2.
Effects of autophagy manipulations on metabolism in in vitro studies.
| Autophagy manipulation | Cell type | Adipogenesis/adipocyte size/lipid droplets | Cell stress | Lipolysis | Mitochondrial count | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atg7 knockdown | Adipocytes | − | NR | NC | + | 36 |
| Hepatocytes | + | + | − | NR | 57 | |
| Mice embryonic fibroblasts | NR | + | NR | NR | 57 | |
| Atg5 knockdown | Mice embryonic fibroblasts | − | NR | NR | NR | 9,10,61 |
| Adipocytes | − | NR | + | NR | 37 | |
| Chloroquine (CQ) treatment | Adipocytes | − | NR | NR | NR | 10 |
| 3-methyladenine Treatment | Hepatocytes | + | NR | − | NR | 55 |
| Adipocytes | − | NR | NR | NR | 37 |
Table provides information about how autophagy manipulation affects metabolism in vitro.
NA not applicable; NC no change; NR not recorded; − downregulated; + upregulated.