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. 2020 Jan 28;10:1617. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01617

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Copyright © 2020 Lin, Zhang, Li, Ji, Chen, Li and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rhynchophylline enhanced autophagy by activating AMPK signaling pathway. (A) Western blot analysis of p-AMPKα and AMPKα expression in EPCs in indicated groups. The data was presented in fold of control. (B) The mRNA expression of AMPKα detected by qRT-PCR in indicated groups. (C) Western blot analysis of LC3-II and beclin-1 expression in EPCs in indicated groups. The data was presented in fold of control. (D) Representative images and quantitative analysis of mRFP-GFP-LC3 immunofluorescence (400× magnification). All data were pooled as mean ± S.D. (error bars) from three independent biological repeats experiments, each of which included 3 technical repeats. ^*P < 0.05 vs control group; ^#P < 0.05 vs Ang II group; ^ΔP < 0.05 vs AMPKα siRNA group; ^&P < 0.05 vs AMPKα siRNA+Ang II group; ^⋄P < 0.05 vs Ang II+Rhy group.