Table 3.
Interaction effects (group x time) in cognitive functions.
| Cognitive functions | Training group (n = 15) | Control group (n = 16) | Group x time interaction (n = 31) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | F(1) | p | ||
| Trail Making Test (TMT) | |||||||
| TMT A | |||||||
| Time [s] Errors |
43 (35.5;53.5) 0 (0;0) |
38 (33.5;41) 0 (0;0) |
37.5 (32.75;45.75) 0 (0; 0) |
33 (26.5;47.75) 0 (0; 0) |
0.014 0.244 |
0.904 0.621 |
<0.01 <0.01 |
| TMT B | |||||||
| Time [s] Errors |
123 (91;161.5) 0 (0;1) |
104 (87;119.5) 1 (0;2) |
83.5 (69.75;123.5) 0 (0; 1) |
91 (71;108.25) 1 (0; 2) |
1.508 0.151 |
0.219 0.698 |
0.01 <0.01 |
| Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised | |||||||
| Forward score Forward span Backward score Backward span |
7 (6, 9) 6 (5, 7) 5 (4, 6) 4 (4, 4) |
6 (6;7.5) 6 (5, 6) 6 (5;6.5) 4 (4, 7) |
7 (5.75;8) 6 (5, 6) 6 (5.75;7.25) 5 (4, 5) |
7 (6.75;8) 6 (6;6.25) 6 (5;7.25) 4 (4;5.25) |
8.504 4.309 2.868 5.872 |
0.004*
0.038* 0.090 0.015* |
0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 |
| Victoria Stroop Test (VST) | |||||||
| VST 1 | |||||||
| Time [s] Errors |
15 (13;16.5) 0 (0;1) |
14 (13.5;16) 0 (0;1) |
13.5 (12;16.25) 0 (0; 1) |
13 (11.75;15.5) 0 (0;0) |
0.002 2.174 |
0.963 0.140 |
<0.01 0.02 |
| VST 2 | |||||||
| Time [s] Errors |
20 (17.5;24) 0 (0;1) |
20 (18, 22) 0 (0;1) |
17.5 (14.75;21.25) 0 (0;0.25) |
16 (13.75;21) 0 (0;1) |
0.206 0.253 |
0.650 0.615 |
<0.01 <0.01 |
| VST 3 | |||||||
| Time [s] Errors |
36 (27.5;41.5) 1 (1;2.5) |
30 (25.5;34) 1 (1, 2) |
28.5 (23.75;38.25) 1 (0;2) |
27.5 (22.25;35.25) 1 (0;2) |
2.537 0.006 |
0.046*
0.938 |
0.11 <0.01 |
Data are median values (interquartile ranges). Non-parametric variance analysis was used to evaluate interaction effects (group x time) in physical functions.
*
p < 0.05, bold values indicate significance.