The Effects of Exosomes on Proinflammatory Cytokines and the Phenotypic Transformation in RAW264.7 Cells
(A–D) The expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), TNF-α (C), and MCP-1 (D) in RAW264.7 cell media was detected by ELISA after treatment with LPS (50 ng/mL), exosomes (100 μg/mL), or circRNA-exosomes (100 μg/mL). Results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus the control group; ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus the LPS group; $$$p < 0.001 versus the LPS+Exosome group. (E–J) qRT-PCR of M1 macrophage marker expression (E: iNOS; F: TNF-α; and G: IFN-γ) and M2 macrophage marker expression (H: Arg1; I: Ym1; and J: IL-10). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus the control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus the LPS group; $p < 0.05, $$p < 0.01, $$$p < 0.001 versus the LPS+Exosome group.