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. 2019 Sep 14;24(9):096004. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.24.9.096004

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© The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Fig. 2 — Demonstration of the $π$ -SMIM working principle: (a) left hologram, (b) right hologram, (c) $π$ -hologram, (d) its background term. (e)–(h) Phase maps calculated using single hologram, $π$ -hologram, filtered $π$ -hologram, and phase-shifting sequence, respectively. Scale bars in (e)–(h) represent optical phase shift values in radians.