Fig. 2.

VLDL particles bind to and are internalized by cancer cells. DiI-VLDL uptake is temperature-, dose-, and time-dependent and is inhibited by treatment with Dynasore. Median fluorescence of MDA-MB-231 BC cells incubated with (A) DiI-VLDL (5 µg/ml) for durations of time ranging from 5 min to 3 h and (B) DiI-VLDLs for 45 min at increasing dosage. C, D: MDA-MB-231 BC cells were incubated with DiI-VLDL (5 µg/ml, 45 min) in 37°C or 4°C. C: Cells at 37°C displayed significantly more uptake than those incubated at 4°C, as quantified by flow cytometry (**P < 0.01; two-tailed unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction). Duplicate or triplicate for all data points; mean ± SD. D: Visualization via confocal microscopy shows that DiI-VLDLs remain bound at the cell surface at 4°C, whereas they are internalized at 37°C. E: Relative uptake of DiI-VLDL particles following treatment with Dynasore (30 min at 37°C) measured by flow cytometry. Concentration-dependent reduction in DiI-VLDL uptake with Dynasore treatment (***P < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with correction for multiple comparisons).