PPD5 physically interacts with OST1. A, Yeast two-hybrid assay showing an interaction between PPD5 and OST1. B, Split-LUC assay indicating an interaction between PPD5 and OST1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. C, BiFC assay verifying the interaction between PPD5 and OST1 in N. benthamiana. BiFC assay analyzing the interaction between PPD5 and SnRK2s (OST1, SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3), OST1 and PPD5 homologs, PPD1 and PsbP, in leaves of N. benthamiana. Chlorophyll, autofluorescence of chlorophyll; BF, bright field. Scale bars = 10 μm.