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. 2019 Nov 26;182(2):992–1006. doi: 10.1104/pp.19.01300

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Reduced malate levels in the leaves of Ma1 RNAi lines of ‘McIntosh’ apple and fruit of ‘Empire’ apple with virus-induced silencing of Ma1. A, The relative expression of Ma1 in Ma1-RNAi transgenic lines in comparison with wild-type plants (control). B, The malic acid concentration in Ma1-RNAi transgenic lines and wild-type plants measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. C, The relative expression of Ma1 in mature ‘Empire’ apple fruit infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 harboring an antisense Ma1 construct in a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based vector (TRV-Ma1) or TRV alone as a control. D, The malic acid concentration in mature ‘Empire’ apple fruit infiltrated with TRV-Ma1 or TRV alone as a control measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Data are means ± se of three replicates with 20 leaves pooled from four in vitro shoots per replicate for ‘McIntosh’ and of five replicates with two fruits (three injection sites per fruit) per replicate for ‘Empire’. Different letters (a and b) indicate significant differences between genotypes using Tukey’s HSD test at P < 0.05 after ANOVA. FW, Fresh weight.