Figure 1.

Extraction of RSA traits from binary images of core root systems using COFE. Illustration of root cleaning (A) and phenotyping of CREAMD pipeline (B) are shown. C, Illustration of four out of six traits extracted via COFE. D, Comparison of RSA trait values from the inbred line B73 extracted by COFE from roots collected using CREAMD or water-based root cleaning. Data are means ± sd; ns, not significant, Student’s t test; n = 15. E, Heritabilities of RSA trait values obtained from the SAM Diversity Panel via CREAMD-COFE; n = 3,196 roots per view. See Table 1 for abbreviations.