Table 2.

Correlations between antioxidants, covariates, and cognitive function.^a

Variable	Correlation coefficient	P value
Antioxidant, µg/dL
α-carotene	−0.054	.359
Trans-β-carotene	−0.031	.593
Cis-β-carotene	−0.068	.248
β-cryptoxanthin	−0.004	.943
Combined lutein/zeaxanthin	0.042	.474
Trans-lycopene	0.196	.001*
Retinyl palmitate	0.248	.000*
Retinyl stearate	0.136	.020*
Retinol	0.088	.136
α-tocopherol	0.257	.000*
g-tocopherol	−0.098	.095
Covariate
Age group	−0.239	.000b
Sex	0.099	.093
Race	0.054	.361
Hypertension	−0.054	.359
Smoking status	0.087	.138
BMI	0.189	.001b

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

^aData from Niemchick et al.²²

^b*Correlation is significant at the .05 level (2-tailed).