| Physician characteristics | Herbs and nonvitamin supplements |
p |
Yoga |
p |
Acupuncture |
p |
Mind–body therapies |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |||||
| Sex |
||||||||
| Male |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| Female |
1.85 (1.46–2.35) |
0.0000 |
2.16 (1.70–2.75) |
0.0000 |
1.65 (1.27–2.13) |
0.0002 |
2.63 (2.02–3.41) |
0.0000 |
| Age |
||||||||
| <45 Years |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| 45–54 Years |
1.06 (0.80–1.40) |
0.6852 |
0.90 (0.67–1.21) |
0.4895 |
0.95 (0.69–1.31) |
0.7614 |
0.93 (0.67–1.29) |
0.6608 |
| 55–64 Years |
1.23 (0.93–1.62) |
0.1424 |
0.90 (0.67–1.21) |
0.4784 |
1.08 (0.79–1.47) |
0.6423 |
1.09 (0.79–1.51) |
0.6041 |
| ≥65 Years |
0.93 (0.65–1.34) |
0.7010 |
0.64 (0.43–0.94) |
0.0222 |
0.84 (0.56–1.26) |
0.3944 |
0.77 (0.49–1.20) |
0.2400 |
| Race |
||||||||
| White |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| Asian |
0.73 (0.49–1.07) |
0.1033 |
1.14 (0.81–1.61) |
0.4515 |
1.09 (0.74–1.60) |
0.6735 |
0.96 (0.64–1.44) |
0.8422 |
| Other |
1.02 (0.67–1.54) |
0.9368 |
0.80 (0.51–1.26) |
0.3409 |
0.79 (0.48–1.30) |
0.3545 |
0.80 (0.50–1.29) |
0.3545 |
| Specialty |
||||||||
| Gen/Fam |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| Internal |
0.95 (0.64–1.39) |
0.7789 |
1.22 (0.83–1.81) |
0.3120 |
0.70 (0.46–1.08) |
0.1035 |
0.94 (0.59–1.50) |
0.7911 |
| Psychiatry |
0.57 (0.37–0.88) |
0.0116 |
1.39 (0.91–2.12) |
0.1290 |
0.55 (0.34.0.89) |
0.0159 |
3.11 (1.98–4.91) |
0.0000 |
| OB/GYN |
0.59 (0.39–0.92) |
0.0185 |
0.82 (0.54–1.26) |
0.3758 |
0.59 (0.36–0.95) |
0.0301 |
0.95 (0.60–1.50) |
0.8167 |
| Pediatrics |
0.51 (0.35–0.75) |
0.0006 |
0.36 (0.24–0.55) |
0.0000 |
0.22 (0.14–0.37) |
0.0000 |
0.44 (0.28–0.70) |
0.0006 |
| Other |
0.33 (0.25–0.43) |
0.0000 |
0.33 (0.24–0.44) |
0.0000 |
0.31 (0.23–0.41) |
0.0000 |
0.39 (0.28–0.54) |
0.0000 |
| Type of physician |
||||||||
| MD |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
0.2276 |
1.00 |
0.1648 |
| DO |
1.43 (0.98–2.08) |
0.0603 |
1.11 (0.74–1.68) |
0.6154 |
1.27 (0.86–1.87) |
|
1.36 (0.88–2.09) |
|
| Location of medical school |
||||||||
| United States |
1.00 |
0.0501 |
1.00 |
0.3604 |
1.00 |
0.0371 |
1.00 |
0.2907 |
| Foreign |
0.73 (0.54–1.00) |
|
0.87 (0.65–1.17) |
|
0.70 (0.50–0.98) |
|
0.83 (0.59–1.17) |
|
| MSA status |
||||||||
| MSA |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
0.1838 |
| Non-MSA |
0.99 (0.74–1.32) |
0.9299 |
0.62 (0.45–0.85) |
0.0032 |
0.68 (0.47–0.99) |
0.0442 |
0.78 (0.55–1.12) |
|
| U.S. Census region |
||||||||
| Northeast |
0.67 (0.49–0.93) |
0.0158 |
0.58 (0.42–0.81) |
0.0012 |
0.64 (0.47–0.89) |
0.0076 |
0.47 (0.33–0.67) |
0.0000 |
| Midwest |
0.54 (0.40–0.72) |
0.0000 |
0.46 (0.34–0.62) |
0.0000 |
0.31 (0.23–0.43) |
0.0000 |
0.36 (0.26–0.49) |
0.0000 |
| South |
0.47 (0.35–0.62) |
0.0000 |
0.35 (0.26–0.46) |
0.0000 |
0.24 (0.17–0.32) |
0.0000 |
0.29 (0.21–0.39) |
0.0000 |
| West | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Any CHA includes the following: massage therapy, chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, herbs and other nonvitamin supplements, yoga, acupuncture, mind–body therapies (such as guided imagery, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation, not including prayer), biofeedback or hypnosis, homeopathic treatment, and naturopathic treatment.
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CHA, complementary health approach; CI, confidence interval; DO, doctor of osteopathic medicine; Gen/Fam, general and family practice; MD, doctor of medicine; MSA, metropolitan statistical area; OB/GYN, obstetrics and gynecology.
Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Physician Induction Interview, 2012 (n for males = 4265; n for females = 1357).