Table 3.
Adjusteda Percent Change (95% Confidence Interval) in Volatile Organic Compounds Concentrations by Feminine Hygiene Product Use in the Past Month Among Women in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004
| |
|
Feminine hygiene product use in past month |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VOCsb, % | n | Tampon | Sanitary napkin | Vaginal douche | Feminine spray | Feminine powder | Wipes/towelettes | Other products |
| Bromodichloromethane, ng/mL | 756 | −6.8 (−26.0 to 17.5) | −6.7 (−22.4 to 12.0) | −14.1 (−33.7 to 11.2) | 9.2 (−27.1 to 63.5) | 15.5 (−31.4 to 94.4) | 8.9 (−18.7 to 45.7) | −16.2 (−50.0 to 40.5) |
| Chloroform, ng/mL | 704 | −9.5 (−28.5 to 14.7) | −12.2 (−28.0 to 7.2) | −7.4 (−25.6 to 15.3) | 19.6 (−4.0 to 49.0) | 1.2 (−36.7 to 61.8) | 0.9 (−23.9 to 31.6) | 15.4 (−22.3 to 71.5) |
| Dibromochloromethane, ng/mL | 763 | −6.0 (−25.8 to 19.0) | −9.5 (−25.5 to 10.0) | −9.5 (−30.8 to 18.3) | 30.7 (−14.6 to 100.2) | 18.5 (−18.7 to 72.7) | −3.7 (−27.5 to 27.8) | −11.3 (−43.5 to 39.2) |
| 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, ng/mL | 758 | −16.9 (−333 to 3.5) | 4.9 (−14.9 to 29.3) | 27.9 (−7.7 to 77.2) | −7.7 (−45.7 to 56.8) | 107.9 (−9.4 to 377.1) | 1.4 (−28.9 to 44.5) | 56.4 (−12.2 to 178.6) |
| Ethylbenzene, ng/mL | 784 | 5.7 (−7.2 to 20.4) | −10.8 (−20.7 to 0.4) | 14.1 (−4.2 to 35.9) | 8.5 (−17.6 to 42.9) | 35.6* (0.4 to 83.2) | 2.0 (−12.9 to 19.4) | 11.3 (−16.5 to 48.4) |
| Toluene, ng/mL | 822 | 5.4 (−13.8 to 29.0) | −18.6 (−32.5 to −1.9) | 23.8 (−1.4 to 55.4) | 33.8 (−6.3 to 91.1) | 20.6 (−17.0 to 75.2) | 12.2 (−16.6 to 50.9) | −1.9 (−31.3 to 39.9) |
| m-/p-xylene, ng/mL | 827 | 9.8 (−2.4 to 23.6) | −9.8 (−22.0 to 4.3) | 9.8 (−7.2 to 29.9) | −10.8 (−31.2 to 15.7) | 16.7 (−10.6 to 52.4) | 5.7 (−8.4 to 21.9) | 0.3 (−25.3 to 34.6) |
*
p < 0.05.
a
Models were adjusted for age at interview, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, income-to-poverty ratio, body mass index, pregnancy status, and menopausal status.
b
VOCs had concentrations with percentage below limits of detection <50%.
VOCs, volatile organic compounds.