Table 2.

Multivariate logistic regression of background characteristics and skilled birth attendance

Explanatory Variables	Sierra Leone	Niger	Mali	All Countries
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age
15–19	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
20–24	1.23(0.86–1.77)	0.75(0.55–1.02)	1.10(0.76–1.59)	0.87(0.69–1.09)
25–29	1.24(0.87–1.77)	0.68**(0.50–0.92)	1.26(0.90–1.76)	0.89(0.72–1.11)
30–34	1.03(0.70–1.53)	0.67**(0.50–0.88)	1.18(0.84–1.68)	0.88(0.71–1.09)
35–39	1.03(0.70–1.50)	0.68**(0.51–0.93)	1.19(0.79–1.76)	0.86(0.68–1.09)
40–44	0.87(0.58–1.33)	0.80(0.56–1.14)	1.46(0.95–2.26)	0.99(0.76–1.30)
45–49	0.81(0.52–1.29)	0.61(0.36–1.03)	0.86(0.45–1.63)	0.66**(0.45–0.98)
Place of residence
Urban	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Rural	0.70(0.44–1.11)	0.19***(0.14–0.28)	0.35***(0.24–0.52)	0.21***(0.16–0.28)
Level of education
No education	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Primary	1.04(0.84–1.29)	1.74***(1.38–2.20)	0.87(0.64–1.17)	1.37**(1.14–1.63)
Secondary	1.27(0.95–1.72)	1.70**(1.14–2.54)	1.59(0.95–2.66)	1.66**(1.24–2.22)
Higher	5.41**(1.53–19.56)	3.05(0.38–24.60)	2.33(0.48–11.24)	2.50(0.72–8.69)
Health Insurance
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	1.20(0.35–4.11)	1.48(0.75–2.91)	1.05(0.57–1.95)	1.39(0.88–2.20)
Wealth status
Poorest	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Poorer	1.04(0.81–1.34)	1.51**(1.19–1.91)	1.63**(1.21–2.17)	1.41***(1.19–1.68)
Middle	1.04(0.78–1.37)	1.65**(1.23–2.23)	1.42**(1.03–1.95)	1.41**(1.15–1.76)
Richer	1.20(0.84–1.71)	2.02***(1.52–2.67)	4.03***(2.80–5.79)	2.09***(1.67–2.61)
Richest	1.07(0.62–1.86)	2.98***(2.05–4.34)	6.21***(3.64–10.60)	2.49***(1.83–3.40)
Marital status
Married	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Cohabitation	0.83(0.60–1.15)	2.14(0.48–9.55)	0.82(0.33–2.02)	1.43(0.62–3.29)
Widowed	1.08(0.57–2.04)	1.05(0.46–2.33)	0.28*(0.09–0.94)	0.68(0.34–1.38)
Divorced	0.50(0.23–1.09)	1.61(0.87–2.97)	0.99(0.29–3.36)	1.22(0.69–2.15)
Separated	0.84(0.49–1.44)	3.37 (0.73–15.54)	1.66(0.33–8.30)	2.16(0.64–6.33)
Partner’s educational level
No education	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Primary	1.21(0.90–1.63)	1.54***(1.24–1.92)	0.87(0.33–2.02)	1.17(0.97–1.41)
Secondary	1.59***(1.28–1.99)	2.30***(1.65–3.21)	1.14(0.79–1.66)	1.78***(1.40–2.26)
Higher	1.61**(1.11–2.33)	3.48**(1.53–7.92)	0.59(0.30–1.16)	1.40(0.80–2.42)
Number of ANC visits
Less than four	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Four or more	2.18***(1.68–2.83)	1.40***(1.18–1.66)	1.60***(1.30–1.96)	1.63***(1.43–1.86)
Skilled ANC provider
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	29.34***(21.90–39.31)	7.92***(5.59–11.2)	26.63***(21.25–33.38)	11.51***(9.53–13.92)
Getting medical help for self: money needed for treatment
Big problem	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Not a big problem	1.11(0.90–1.39)	0.95(0.80–1.12)	1.04(0.83–1.31)	1.08(0.94–1.24)
Getting medical help for self: distance to health facility
Big problem	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Not a big problem	2.07***(1.64–2.61)	1.56(0.80–1.13)	1.51**(1.18–1.94)	1.66***(1.44–1.92)
Getting medical help for self: getting permission to go
Big problem	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Not a big problem	0.72(0.52–1.02)	1.00(0.77–1.29)	0.65**(0.49–0.87)	0.69***(0.56–0.84)
Listening to radio
Not at all	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Less than once a week	1.47**(1.14–1.88)	1.07(0.87–1.32)	0.94(0.69–1.29)	0.87 (0.72–1.05)
At least once a week	1.45**(1.13–1.87)	1.12(0.88–1.43)	1.21(0.92–1.59)	1.04(0.86–2.88)
Watching television
Not at all	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Less than once a week	1.08(0.70–1.67)	1.13(0.86–1.48)	1.07(0.80–1.41)	1.53***(1.26–1.86)
At least once a week	1.58**(1.08–2.32)	2.05***(1.50–2.79)	1.21(0.92–1.59)	2.33***(1.88–2.88)

Computed from Mali DHS (2012–2013), Niger DHS (2012), Sierra Leone DHS (2013), CI Confidence Interval, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, Ref Reference Category