Table 1.
Characteristics of study at the baseline
| Variables | OSA | No OSA | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Total | 3025 | 25.0 | 9075 | 75.0 | |
| Sex | 0.999 | ||||
| Male | 2030 | 67.1 | 6090 | 67.1 | |
| Female | 995 | 32.9 | 2985 | 32. 9 | |
| Age (years) | 56.1 ± 18.2 | 56.0 ± 18.0 | 0.662 | ||
| Age group (years) | 0.999 | ||||
| 20–44 | 755 | 25.0 | 2265 | 25.0 | |
| 45–64 | 1065 | 35.2 | 3195 | 35.2 | |
| ≧65 | 1205 | 39.8 | 3615 | 39.8 | |
| Insured premium (NT$) | 20,124.3 ± 22,454.2 | 20,207.1 ± 22,579.8 | 0.861 | ||
| Insured premium group (NT$) | α | 0.910 | |||
| < 18,000 | 2564 | 84.8 | 7661 | 84.4 | |
| 18,000-34,999 | 292 | 9.7 | 897 | 9.9 | |
| ≧35,000 | 169 | 5.6 | 517 | 5.7 | |
| CCI | 1.8 ± 3.1 (range: 0–24) | 1.0 ± 2.0 (range: 0–22) | < 0.001 | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Insomnia | 1875 | 62.0 | 3126 | 34.4 | < 0.001 |
| Restless leg syndrome | 9 | 0.3 | 25 | 0.3 | 0.843 |
| Idiopathic hypersomnia | 21 | 0.7 | 6 | 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type | 2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.062 |
| Anxiety disorders | 785 | 26.0 | 1024 | 11.3 | < 0.001 |
| Depressive disorders | 998 | 33.0 | 1186 | 13.1 | < 0.001 |
| Bipolar disorders | 371 | 12.3 | 690 | 7.6 | < 0.001 |
| Psychotic disorders | 624 | 20.6 | 834 | 9.2 | < 0.001 |
| Periodic limb movements disorder | 3 | 0.1 | 8 | 0.1 | 0.862 |
| Alcohol-related disorders | 216 | 7.1 | 485 | 5.3 | < 0.001 |
| Other substance-related disorders | 397 | 13.1 | 679 | 7.5 | < 0.001 |
| Medications | |||||
| Hypnotics (Z-drugs and benzodiazepine) | 2262 | 74.8 | 1986 | 21.9 | < 0.001 |
| Antihistamines | 1264 | 41.8 | 3346 | 36.9 | < 0.001 |
| Antidepressants | 1095 | 36.2 | 2131 | 23.5 | < 0.001 |
| Antipsychotics | 1176 | 38.9 | 2510 | 27.7 | < 0.001 |
| Location | < 0.001 | ||||
| Northern Taiwan | 1389 | 45.9 | 3756 | 41.4 | |
| Middle Taiwan | 900 | 29.8 | 2552 | 28.1 | |
| Southern Taiwan | 669 | 22.1 | 2234 | 24.6 | |
| Eastern Taiwan | 66 | 2.2 | 502 | 5.5 | |
| Outlets islands | 1 | 0.03 | 31 | 0.3 | |
| Urbanization level | < 0.001 | ||||
| 1 (The highest) | 1528 | 50.5 | 3130 | 34.5 | |
| 2 | 1057 | 34.9 | 3970 | 43.8 | |
| 3 | 189 | 6.3 | 696 | 7.7 | |
| 4 (The lowest) | 251 | 8.3 | 1279 | 14.1 | |
| Level of care | < 0.001 | ||||
| Medical center | 1706 | 56.4 | 3191 | 35.2 | |
| Regional hospital | 910 | 30.1 | 3182 | 35.1 | |
| Local hospital | 409 | 13.5 | 2702 | 29.8 | |
OSA obstructive sleep apnea, P Chi-square/Fisher exact test on category variables and t-test on continue variables, NT$ New Taiwan Dollars, CCI Charlson comorbidity index