Table 1.
Selection of studies investigating the association between serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters and personality in healthy subjects
| Study | Number of subjects | Polymorphism | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serotonin | |||
| Lesch et al. (1996) | 505 | 5-HTT | 5-HTT (s-allele) associated with higher Harm Avoidance |
| Herbst et al. (2000) | 587 | 5-HTT | No association between 5-HTT and Harm-Avoidance |
| Ham et al. (2004) | 147 | 5-HTT | 5-HTT polymorphisms associated with Self-Transcendence |
| Gonda et al. (2009) | 169 | 5-HTT | 5-HTT (s-allele) associated with lower Self-Directedness |
| Saiz et al. (2010) | 404 | 5-HTT | 5-HTT (s-allele) associated with lower Self-Directedness |
| Pełka-Wysiecka et al. (2012) | 406 | 5-HTT | 5-HTT (s-allele) associated with lower Cooperativeness |
| Dopamine | |||
| Ono et al. (1997) | 153 | DRD4 | Long alleles of the polymorphic exon III repeat sequence of DRD4 associated with Novelty Seeking |
| Noble et al. (1998) | 119 | DRD2 | DRD2 less frequent allele associated with higher Novelty Seeking |
| Gebhardt et al. (2004) | 109 | DRD2 DRD4 |
No significant association of DRD2 and DRD4 genes with personality traits |
| Lee et al. (2003) | 243 | DRD4 DRD2 |
DRD4 gene associated with Novelty Seeking in females. Females with DRD2 less frequent alleles (-141C Ins/Ins genotype) associated with higher Reward Dependence |
| Tsuchimine et al. (2012) | 1084 | DRD2 | DRD2 gene associated with Self-Directedness. Men with less frequent allele (-141 -Ins/Ins genotype) associated with lower Self-Directedness compared to males with -141C Ins/Del alleles. |