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Reference points and their respective segments in frontal cephalograms.
| Reference point | Segment |
|---|---|
| Lateral border of the pyriform aperture at the base of the inferior concha | W3 |
| Lateral maxillary wall at the base of the zygomaticoalveolar crest | W2 |
| Buccal surface of the second maxillary molar | W1 |
