Table 2.
Manifestation of IE according to the modified Duke Criteria
| ENTIRE COHORT | PROPENSITY MATCHED COHORT | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NVE (n = 315) | PVE (n = 103) | P value | NVE (n = 315) | PVE (n = 103) | P value | |||||
| MICROBIOLOGY | ||||||||||
| Positive Blood culture | 263 | (83.5%) | 77 | (74.8%) | 0.279 | 65 | (82.3%) | 58 | (73.4%) | 0.505 |
| Streptococcus spp | 84 | (26.7%) | 10 | (9.7%) | < 0.001 | 20 | (25.3%) | 8 | (10.1%) | 0.011 |
| Staphylococcus spp | 98 | (31.1%) | 35 | (34.0%) | 0.587 | 20 | (25.3%) | 24 | (30.4%) | 0.478 |
| Staph. aureus | 74 | (23.5%) | 19 | (18.4%) | 0.285 | 16 | (20.3%) | 15 | (19.0%) | 0.841 |
| CoNS | 26 | (8.3%) | 16 | (15.5%) | 0.033 | 5 | (6.3%) | 9 | (11.4%) | 0.263 |
| Enterococcus spp | 44 | (14.0%) | 17 | (16.5%) | 0.527 | 15 | (19.0%) | 16 | (20.3%) | 0.841 |
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | ||||||||||
| Vegetation | 259 | (82.2%) | 73 | (70.9%) | 0.017 | 65 | (82.3%) | 59 | (74.7%) | 0.307 |
| Vegetation length (cm) | 1.6 | [1.1–2.0] | 1.2 | [0.8–1.7] | 0.009 | 1.5 | ± 0.6 | 1.3 | ± 0.7 | 0.357 |
| Leftsided IE | ||||||||||
| Aortic valve | 166 | (52.7%) | 81 | (78.6%) | < 0.001 | 52 | (65.8%) | 58 | (73.4%) | 0.299 |
| Mitral valve | 171 | (54.3%) | 26 | (25.2%) | < 0.001 | 23 | (29.1%) | 26 | (32.9%) | 0.606 |
| Rightsided IE | ||||||||||
| Tricuspid valve | 21 | (6.7%) | 1 | (1.0%) | 0.046 | 6 | (7.6%) | 1 | (1.3%) | 0.053 |
| Pulmonary valve | 1 | (0.3%) | 1 | (1.0%) | 0.439 | 0 | (0%) | 1 | (1.3%) | 0.238 |
| Perivalvular infection | ||||||||||
| Perivalvular abscess | 85 | (27.0%) | 62 | (60.2%) | < 0.001 | 21 | (26.6%) | 41 | (51.9%) | 0.001 |
| Perforation | 83 | (26.3%) | 21 | (20.4%) | 0.224 | 10 | (12.7%) | 19 | (24.1%) | 0.064 |
| Fistula | 1 | (0.3%) | 13 | (12.6%) | < 0.001 | 1 | (1.3%) | 10 | (12.7%) | 0.005 |
| SYMPTOMS | ||||||||||
| Fever | 201 | (63.8%) | 72 | (69.9%) | 0.259 | 60 | (75.9%) | 55 | (69.6%) | 0.371 |
| Sepsis | 233 | (74.0%) | 68 | (66.0%) | 0.119 | 41 | (51.9%) | 38 | (48.1%) | 0.633 |
| IE-related neurologic complications | 99 | (31.4%) | 28 | (27.2%) | 0.416 | 23 | (29.1%) | 22 | (27.8%) | 0.860 |
| TIA | 13 | (4.1%) | 1 | (1.0%) | 0.122 | 3 | (3.8%) | 0 | (0%) | 0.305 |
| Stroke | 47 | (14.9%) | 17 | (16.5%) | 0.698 | 11 | (13.9%) | 14 | (17.7%) | 0.513 |
| Intracranial bleeding | 5 | (1.6%) | 3 | (2.9%) | 0.394 | 1 | (1.3%) | 3 | (3.8%) | 0.311 |
| Other | 33 | (10.5%) | 7 | (6.8%) | 0.270 | 8 | (10.1%) | 5 | (6.3%) | 0.385 |
| Septic embolism | 115 | (36.5%) | 29 | (28.2%) | 0.188 | 25 | (31.6%) | 24 | (30.4%) | 0.239 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 46 | (14.6%) | 9 | (8.7%) | 0.126 | 7 | (8.9%) | 8 | (10.1%) | 0.786 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, number (percent) or median [IQR], respectively. d, days; IE infective endocarditis; IQR, interquartile range; TIA, transient ischemic attack