Table 2.
Univariate conditional logistic regression results for external causes of mortality (drug overdose, suicide, transport accidents, and violence)
| Cases (n = 286) | Controls (n = 286) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at release, years (mean, s.d.) | ||||
| 28.0 (8.5) | 31.4 (10.5) | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | <0.001 | |
| Total number of custodial sentences including current sentence | ||||
| 1 or unknown | 139 | 175 | 1.00 | |
| 2+ | 147 | 111 | 1.73 (1.22–2.47) | 0.002 |
| Ever held in juvenile detention | ||||
| No or unknown | 266 | 273 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 20 | 13 | 1.64 (0.77–3.46) | 0.198 |
| Personal visitors during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 249 | 249 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 37 | 37 | 1.00 (0.59–1.69) | 1.000 |
| Professional visitors during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 178 | 185 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 108 | 101 | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) | 0.547 |
| Married at beginning of current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 234 | 196 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 52 | 90 | 0.49 (0.33–0.73) | <0.001 |
| Antipsychotics during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 274 | 279 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 12 | 7 | 1.71 (0.67–4.35) | 0.257 |
| Antidepressants during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 242 | 262 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 44 | 24 | 2.00 (1.17–3.42) | 0.011 |
| Withdrawal drugs during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 216 | 254 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 70 | 32 | 2.46 (1.56–3.88) | <0.001 |
| Anxiolytics and hypnotics during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 260 | 270 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 26 | 16 | 1.83 (0.91–3.70) | 0.091 |
| Other psychiatric medications during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 236 | 263 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 50 | 23 | 2.35 (1.39–3.97) | 0.001 |
| Ever hepatitis C exposed | ||||
| No or unknown | 245 | 260 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 41 | 26 | 1.71 (1.00–2.94) | 0.050 |
| Mental health problems during current sentence | ||||
| No or unknown | 122 | 158 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 164 | 128 | 1.65 (1.18–2.31) | 0.003 |
| Ever treated as psychiatric inpatient | ||||
| No or unknown | 221 | 250 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 65 | 36 | 2.04 (1.30–3.20) | 0.002 |
| Ever made a suicide attempt | ||||
| No or unknown | 211 | 239 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 75 | 47 | 1.82 (1.20–2.77) | 0.005 |
| Ever had problematic alcohol use in the community | ||||
| No or unknown | 141 | 174 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 145 | 112 | 1.65 (1.16–2.33) | 0.005 |
| Ever used amphetamines in the community | ||||
| No or unknown | 180 | 203 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 106 | 83 | 1.47 (1.02–2.11) | 0.038 |
| Ever used heroin or other opioids in the community | ||||
| No or unknown | 174 | 231 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 112 | 55 | 2.78 (1.86–4.17) | <0.001 |