Table 5.
Regression analyses of different causal explanations predicting self-identification as mentally ill (multiple regression analyses, β-coefficients), perceived need for professional help and intention to seek help (ordinal regression analysis, odds ratio) in subgroups of participants, who have never and who have been in treatment before. All analyses were controlled for depression literacy (D-Lit), severity of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), age, gender and education
| No treatment experience (n = 84) | With treatment experience (n = 94) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-identification | Perceived need | Intention to seek help | Self-identification | Perceived need | Intention to seek help | |||
| GP | MHP | GP | MHP | |||||
| β | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | β | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | |
| Causal explanations | ||||||||
| Biomedical causes | 0.33** | 3.03 [1.78, 5.14] | 1.73 [1.08, 2.77] | 2.19 [1.33, 3.60] | 0.11 | 1.06 [0.73, 1.54] | 1.33 [0.93, 1.89] | 1.14 [0.79, 1.63] |
| Person-related causes | 0.07 | 0.75 [0.47, 1.19] | 0.86 [0.55, 1.33] | 1.23 [0.74, 2.04] | 0.37*** | 0.59 [0.37, 0.92] | 0.93 [0.59, 1.47] | 1.23 [0.79, 1.90] |
| Childhood trauma | −0.05 | 0.64 [0.33, 1.24] | 0.75 [0.40, 1.40] | 0.82 [0.41, 1.64] | 0.26** | 1.13 [0.80, 1.60] | 1.13 [0.80, 1.60] | 0.87 [0.60, 1.27] |
| Stress | 0.37** | 0.98 [0.64, 1.51] | 0.75 [0.49, 1.15] | 1.59 [0.99, 2.57] | 0.18 | 0.54 [0.32, 0.90] | 0.97 [0.60, 1.57] | 1.04 [0.64, 1.71] |
| Unhealthy behaviour | −0.08 | 0.82 [0.52, 1.31] | 0.85 [0.53, 1.34] | 0.89 [0.54, 1.49] | −0.04 | 0.86 [0.61, 1.23] | 1.38 [0.97, 1.97] | 1.21 [0.85, 1.73] |
| D-Lit | 0.20 | 1.03 [0.89, 1.20] | 1.14 [0.98, 1.32] | 0.99 [0.85, 1.15] | 0.41*** | 1.02 [0.91, 1.15] | 0.99 [0.88, 1.11] | 1.09 [0.97, 1.23] |
| PHQ-9 | −0.06 | 1.13 [1.02, 1.26] | 1.04 [0.94, 1.16] | 1.07 [0.96, 1.20] | 0.16 | 1.26 [1.13, 1.40] | 0.97 [0.88, 1.08] | 1.09 [0.99, 1.20] |
| Age | −0.06 | 1.02 [0.99, 1.05] | 1.00 [0.98, 1.04] | 0.97 [0.94, 1.00] | 0.15 | 1.02 [0.99, 1.05] | 1.02 [0.99, 1.05] | 1.01 [0.98, 1.04] |
| Gender | 0.00 | 0.45 [0.19, 1.09] | 0.55 [0.23, 1.33] | 0.49 [0.20, 1.21] | −0.19* | 0.84 [0.33, 2.16] | 0.69 [0.27, 1.75] | 0.41 [0.16, 1.08] |
| Education | 0.10 | 0.81 [0.54, 1.22] | 0.68 [0.46, 1.01] | 0.71 [0.46, 1.11] | −0.08 | 1.39 [0.94, 2.05] | 1.13 [0.78, 1.63] | 1.09 [0.76, 1.57] |
| Adj. R2 | 0.22 | 0.42 | ||||||
| Pseudo-R2 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.04 | ||
Significant results are in boldface.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; GP, general practitioner; MHP, mental health professionals; previous treatment (0 = no, 1 = yes); gender (0 = men, 1 = woman); education (1 = 9 school years or less, 2 = 10 school years, 3 = 12 or 13 school years); Adj. R2, adjusted R-squared; Pseudo-R2, pseudo R-squared. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.