Table 1.
Mechanism of injury by E-codes relating to suicide or self-injury in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), 2006–2013 (N = 3 567 084)
| Mechanism of injury | E-code range | First E-code N (%) | Any E-code N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violent* | 899 331 (28.6) | 954 372 (28.7) | |
| Non-violent† | 2 244 501 (71.4) | 2 365 194 (71.3) | |
| Poisoning | E950–E952 | 2 241 025 (66.5) | 2 361 493 (66.2) |
| 1. Tranquilisers and other psychotropic agents | E950.3 | 838 876 (37.4) | |
| 2. Analgesics, antipyretics, anti-rheumatics | E950.0 | 594 965 (26.5) | |
| 3. Other specified drugs‡ | E950.4 | 470 086 (21.0) | |
| 4. Other sedatives and hypnotics | E950.2 | 102 958 (4.6) | |
| 5. Unspecified drugs | E950.5 | 99 980 (4.5) | |
| 6. Other unspecified solid or liquid substances | E950.9 | 81 744 (3.6) | |
| 7. Corrosive and caustic substances | E950.7 | 17 111 (0.8) | |
| 8. Motor vehicle exhaust | E952.0 | 11 774 (0.5) | |
| 9. Barbituates | E950.1 | 8820 (0.4) | |
| Cutting and piercing instrument | E956.x | 744 957 (22.1) | 827 431 (23.2) |
| Other§ | E958.3, .4, .6, .8, .9 | 217 375 (6.4) | 243 264 (6.8) |
| Hanging, strangulation and suffocation | E953.x | 71 049 (2.1) | 79 170 (2.2) |
| Firearms, air guns and explosives | E955.x | 38 879 (1.1) | 41 521 (1.2) |
| Jumping from a high place | E957.x | 16 627 (0.5) | 18 760(0.5) |
| Burns, fire, scalding, caustic substances | E958, .2, .7 | 12 674 (0.4) | 15 211 (0.4) |
| Late effects | E959.x | 10 658 (0.3) | 12 436 (0.3) |
| Jumping or lying before moving object | E958.0 | 8306 (0.2) | 9714 (0.3) |
| Crashing of motor vehicle | E958.5 | 6366 (0.2) | 7511 (0.2) |
| Submersion (Drowning) | E954.x | 2435 (<0.1) | 2826 (<0.1) |
*
Cutting, hanging, use of a firearm, jumping, crashing a vehicle, burns and electrocution were categorised as violent.
†
Poisoning, drowning and exposure to extreme cold were categorised as non-violent.
‡
Other specified drugs include anti-allergics, anti-emetics and anti-convulsants.
§
Other: extremes of cold, electrocution, crashing of aircraft, other specified or unspecified means.