Table 5.

Experimental results of Rhodosporidium toruloides strains producing microbial lipid during growth on several carbon sources under various fermentation configurations and their comparisons with the present study

Strain	Substrate	Culture mode	X (g/L)	YL/X	Reference
				(% w/w)
R. toruloides a	Pure stearic acid	Shake flasks	11.7	35.0	Gierhart 8
R. toruloides AS2.1389	Glycerol	Shake flasks	19.2	47.7	Xu et al. 9
R. toruloides AS2.1389	Glycerol	Batch bioreactor	26.7	69.5	”
R. toruloides AS2.1389	Glucose	Shake flasks	18.3	76.0	Li et al. 14
R. toruloides CCT 0783	Sweet sorghum extract	Shake flasks	41.7	33.1	Matsakas et al. 15
R. toruloides DSM 444	Glycerol/sunflower meal hydrolysate blend	Shake flasks	27.9	29.0	Leiva‐Candia et al. 18
R. toruloides DSM 444	Glycerol/sunflower meal hydrolysate blend	Fed‐batch bioreactor	37.4	51.3	”
R. toruloides NRRL Y‐27012	Biodiesel‐derived glycerol	Shake flasks	30.1	40.0	Tchakouteu et al. 19
R. toruloides Y4	Glucose	Fed‐batch bioreactor	106.5	67.5	Li et al. 20
R. toruloides Y4	Glucose (phosphate‐limited trial)	Shake flasks	20.6	51.4	Wu et al. 27
R. toruloides Y4	Glucose (phosphate‐limited trial)	Shake flasks	19.4	62.4	”
R. toruloides Y4	Glucose (sulphate‐limited trial)	Shake flasks	23.0	20.8	Wu et al. 28
R. toruloides Y4	Glucose (sulfate‐limited trial)	Shake flasks	14.2	55.6	”
R. toruloides Y4	Glucose (sulfate‐limited trial)	Shake flasks	17.8	55.7	”
R. toruloides a)	Glucose/pure stearic acid	Shake flasks	9.8	46.1	Gierhart 29
R. toruloides CBS14	Glucose	Shake flasks	12.3	30.8	Moreton 30
R. toruloides CBS14	Glucose	Shake flasks	8.0	42.5	Moreton 66
R. toruloides CBS14	Fructose	Shake flasks	7.9	25.3	”
R. toruloides CBS14	Glycerol	Shake flasks	5.8	34.6	”
R. toruloides CBS14	Glucose	Batch bioreactor	12.5	42.9	”
R. toruloides CBS14	Fructose	Batch bioreactor	8.7	39.8	”
R. toruloides CBS14	Xylose	Batch bioreactor	8.3	42.2	”
R. toruloides Y4	Jerusalem artichoke extracts	Shake flasks	25.5	40.0	Zhao et al. 67
R. toruloides Y4	Jerusalem artichoke hydrolysates	Fed‐batch bioreactor	70.1	56.5	”
R. toruloides CBS14	Glucose	Fed‐batch bioreactor	35.0	71.4	Wiebe et al. 68
R. toruloides CBS14	Glucose/xylose/arabinose blend	Fed‐batch bioreactor	27.0	55.5	”
R. toruloides Y4	Biodiesel‐derived glycerol	Batch bioreactor	35.3	46.0	Uçkun Kiran et al. 69
R. toruloides 2F5	Inulin	Shake‐flasks	15.8	62.1	Wang et al. 70
R. toruloides 2F5	Inulin	Batch bioreactor	15.6	70.4	”
R. toruloides CCT 0783	Glucose/xylose blend	Batch bioreactor	13.3	42.0	Bonturi et al. 71
R. toruloides DSM 444	Glucose	Batch bioreactor	∼22	∼40	Bommareddy et al. 72
R. toruloides DSM 444	Glycerol	Batch bioreactor	∼15	∼57	”
R. toruloides AS2.1389	Glucose	Single‐stage continuous bioreactor	8.7	61.8	Shen et al. 73
R. toruloides AS2.1389	Glucose	Single‐stage continuous bioreactor	5.7	53.1	”
Rhodosporidium toruloides Y4	Biodiesel‐derived glycerol	Shake flasks	24.9	48.9	Yang et al. 74
R. toruloides DSM 444	Glucose (NaCl‐enriched culture)	Fed‐batch bioreactor	37.2	64.5	Present study

^aNo indication of the strain.