Table 3.

Variance analysis of the effect of concentrations and exposure times of ZnO on h6h gene expression and tropane alkaloid production in Hyoscyamus reticulatus hairy roots

			Means of squares (MS)
Treatments	Df	h6h Expression	Hyoscyamine (%)	Scopolamine (%)
Elicitor concentration (a)	3	77.75**	748.73**	570.41**
Treatment time (b)	2	7.13*	180.09**	174.12**
Reaction (a × b)	6	5.15*	22.76*	35.50*
Error	24	1.88	8.103	13.13
Coefficient of variation (%)		17.23	16.34	16.48

^ns non‐significant

^* significant at p ≤ 0.05

^** significant at p ≤ 0.01