Comparison of mono culture and co‐culture system based on the initial medium condition. The mono culture of single yeast was fermented on 5.6 g/L acetate, 5 g/L yeast extract, one‐fold inorganic salt and the inoculation was OD600 = 1, the co‐culture system of S. cerevisiae and E. coli was fermented on 20 g/L xylose, the other conditions were the same as the single one. + represented the strain involved in the cultured system; – represented the opposite. All error bars indicate ± SD, n = 3.