Table 2.

A review of selected deliberative governance frameworks and their conceptual contribution to CSA.

Framework	Definition	Novelty	Core principles	Contribution to CSA
Constructive technology assessment	“A notion of shared responsibilities for managing technology in society, with all actors working toward the CTA goals of learning, reflexivity, and anticipation.” (Schot and Rip, 1996)	Inclusion of a broad range of actors in the design of technologies.	• Reflexivity • Co-production • Modulation and learning • Anticipation.	• The use of bridging events. • Inclusion of a broader range of perspectives.
Anticipatory governance	“A broad-based capacity extended through society that can act on a variety of inputs to manage emerging knowledge-based technologies while such management is still possible” (Guston, 2014)	Closer link to the process of technological development.	• Anticipation • Foresight • Engagement • Integration	• Integration of natural and social sciences. • Taking an incremental approach to governance.
Responsible research and innovation	“Taking care of the future through collective stewardship of science and innovation in the present” (Stilgoe et al., 2013)	Greater attention to normativity. Innovation to tackle grand challenges.	• Anticipation • Reflexivity • Inclusion • Responsiveness	• Directing innovation towards “normative anchor points” (von Schomberg, 2011) • Importance of embedding reflexivity and maintaining responsiveness.

Authors’ elaboration.