Aerosol optical depth (AOD) from aerosol reanalyses (MERRA-2, MERRAero, NAAPS, MACC), inter-model comparisons (AeroCom Phase I, Yu_Model), and observations (Yu_Obs) for the period 2003–2010. Where available, total AOD is broken down by component species (left bar) and by fine and coarse mode (right bar). For MERRA-2 and MERRAero, the error bar represents the standard deviation of the monthly-mean AOD for the period 2003–2010. For MACC, the error bar is the uncertainty in the total AOD from Bellouin et al. (2013). AeroCom (Kinne et al., 2006) and Yu et al. (2006) uncertainty are the inter-model or inter-observational standard deviations. Coarse mode is defined as the sum of dust plus sea salt AOD, with the remainder of the AOD assigned to the fine mode. Results for MERRA-2 are derived from the data collection described in GMAO (2015g).