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. 2020 Jan 14;43(1):58–65. doi: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0136

Fig. 7. Severe ER stress induced by TM abrogates BMP2-induced upregulation of FTO and p-AMPK.

Fig. 7

(A) C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with BMP2 (0.25 μg/ml) and/or TM (100 ng/ml) for 24 h. RT-PCR was performed using total RNA isolated from cells. (B) C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with BMP2 (0.25 μg/ml) and/or TM (100 ng/ml) for 12 h. Western blotting was performed with the indicated antibodies. (C) C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with BMP2 (0.25 μg/ml) and/or TM (100 ng/ml) for 4 days. ALP staining was performed. **P < 0.001 compared with untreated control cells. ##P < 0.001 compared with BMP2 treated cells. All experiments were independently repeated at least three times. (D) FTO induces osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells via a positive feedback loop with p-AMPK. FTO and p-AMPK stimulate osteogenic differentiation by inducing mild ER stress; however, TM-induced severe ER stress suppresses FTO expression and AMPK activation.