Table 1.

Bivariate comparison of violence involvement at the between-person level (n = 162).

	Any violent conflicts (n = 44, 27.2%)	No violent conflicts (n = 118, 72.8%)	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Background characteristics
Age (mean, SD)	24.0 (2.1)	24.6 (2.4)	0.9 (0.8, 1.1)
Sex (N, % Female)	24 (54.5%)	59 (50.0%)	1.2 (0.6, 2.4)
African-American (n, %)*	22 (50.0%)	79 (66.9%)	0.5 (0.2, 1.0)
Public assistance (n, %)	32 (72.7%)	76 (64.4%)	1.5 (0.7, 3.2)
1st wave enrollment
Violent Injury group (n, %)	29 (65.9%)	66 (55.9%)	1.5 (0.7, 3.1)
Past 6-month violence behaviors
Retaliatory attitudes (mean, SD)*	2.6 (0.5)	2.3 (0.5)	3.2 (1.5, 7.1)
Any Violence (n, %)*	32 (72.7%)	54 (45.8%)	3.2 (1.5, 6.7)
Community violence (mean, SD)*	1.4 (0.8)	0.9 (0.7)	2.1 (1.3, 3.4)
Past 6-month substance use
Marijuana Misuse (n, %)*	34 (77.3%)	65 (55.1%)	2.8 (1.3, 6.1)
Illicit Drug Misuse (n, %)	3 (6.8%)	5 (4.2%)	1.7 (0.4, 7.2)
Non-medical prescription stimulant use (n, %)	4 (9.1%)	3 (2.5%)	3.8 (0.8, 17.9)
Non-medical prescription sedative use (n, %)	1 (2.3%)	4 (3.4%)	0.7 (0.1, 6.1)
Non-medical prescription opioid use (n, %)*	7 (15.9%)	6 (5.1%)	3.5 (1.1, 11.2)
Prescription drug misuse (n,%)*	9 (20.5%)	7 (5.9%)	4.1 (1.4, 11.7)
AUDIT score (mean, SD)*	5.4 (6.8)	3.2 (3.7)	1.1 (1.0, 1.2)
Alcohol misuse (n, %)*	19 (43.2%)	33 (28.0%)	2.0 (1.0, 4.0)
Past 6-month mental health
Anxiety symptoms (mean, SD)*	4.4 (4.9)	1.8 (3.1)	1.2 (1.1, 1.3)
Depression symptoms (mean, SD)*	5.2 (5.5)	2.5 (3.4)	1.2 (1.1, 1.3)
PTSD symptoms (mean, SD)	2.4 (1.1)	1.9 (0.8)	1.7 (1.0, 3.0)

Significance levels:

^*< 0.05,

^**< 0.01,

^***< 0.001.

Prescription Drug Misuse – combines misuse of prescription stimulants, sedatives, or opioids.