Table 1.

Diagnostic tools in cardiac laminopathies. The table shows the main diagnostic tools in cardiac laminopathies, with most common findings, the main detectable events together with their predictors, the subsequent indication according to the main studies published so far and the suggested follow-up calendar. Abbreviations: AF/Flu = atrial fibrillation/flutter; AVB = atrioventricular block; CMRI = cardiac magnetic resonance; DCM = dilated cardiomyopathy;EMB = endomyocardial biopsy; IVCD = interventricular conduction defects; LA = left atrium; LBBB = left bundle branch block; LGE = late gadolinium enhancement; LV = left ventricle; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NSVT = non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; PVC = premature ventricular complex; RV = right ventricle; SSS = sick sinus syndrome; VT/VF = ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation.

	Findings	Predictors of events	Events	Indication	Calendar minimal frequency
12-leads ECG	Any degree AVB, SSS, LBBB/IVCD	First degree AVB	High degree AVBs	Strong	Twice a year
24/48 h Holter monitoring	SSS, any degree AVB, PVC, NSVT, VT/VF, SVA	NSVT	VT/VF	Strong	Twice a year
Device interrogation (when applicable)	NSVT, VT/VF, SVA	NSVT	VT/VF	Strong	Twice a year
TTE	LV dilatation/dysfunction, RV and LA morphology and function	LVEF < 45–50% Strain	DCM	Strong	Twice a year
Genetic test	Aetiologic definition	Non-missense mutations	VT/VF	Strong	Once in lifetime
CMR	Biventricular morphology and function, LGE	LGE	AVB, VT/VF, DCM/HF	Medium	Once in lifetime
EMB	Fibrosis	Fibrosis	AVB, VT/VF, DCM/HF	Low	No
Electroanatomical mapping	Low-voltage areas	/	VT/VF	Low	No
Electrophysiological study	VT/VF inducibility, conduction intervals	/	AVB, VT/VF	Low	No