Table 1.
Demographic and Disease Characteristics of the 4150 Participants using the Observation from the Most Recent Completed Visit for Each Participant
| Characteristic | HIV (−) women (n=1031) |
HIV (+) women (n=3119) |
|---|---|---|
| Viral load undetectable | 1031 (100%) | 1206 (40.9%) |
| CD4+ cell counts (cells/µl) (mean ± SD) | NA | 421 ± 302 |
| All-cause death | 70 (6.8%) | 976 (31.3%) |
| Non-AIDS death | 70 (6.8%) | 359/2996 (12%) |
| Methadone | ||
| Recent£ (n=1185)* | 24/204 (11.8%) | 166/981 (16.9%) |
| Prescribed (n=1185)* | 19/204 (9.3%) | 155/981 (15.8%) |
| Not prescribed (n=3798)* | 11/905 (1.2%) | 25/2893 (0.9%) |
| Ever (n=1203)* | 44/211 (20.9%) | 311/992 (31.4%) |
| Prescribed (n=1203)* | 36/211 (17.1%) | 262/992 (26.4%) |
| Not prescribed (n=4140)* | 142/1029 (13.8%) | 426/3111 (13.7%) |
| CES-D score > 16 (n=3869)* | 287/926 (31%) | 1214/2943 (41.3%) |
| Hepatitis C infection | 664 (64.4%) | 1918 (61.5%) |
| Hepatitis B infection | 5 (0.5%) | 81 (2.6%) |
| Injectable illicit drug use | ||
| Recent£ (n=3937)* | 55/945 (5.8%) | 199/2992 (6.3%) |
| Ever | 261 (25.3%) | 982 (31.5%) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 238 (23.1%) | 896 (28.7%) |
| Current | 509 (49.4%) | 1347 (43.2%) |
| Past | 284 (27.5%) | 876 (28.1%) |
| Alcohol use | ||
| Abstain | 423/944 (44.8%) | 1792/2983 (60.1%) |
| 1–7 drinks/week | 367/944 (38.9%) | 912/2983 (30.6%) |
| 8–12 drinks/week | 50/944 (5.3%) | 94/2983 (3.2%) |
| >12 drinks/week | 104/944 (11%) | 185/2983 (6.2%) |
| Race-ethnicity categories | ||
| White | 140 (13.6%) | 450 (14.4%) |
| African-American | 584 (56.6%) | 1812 (58.1%) |
| Hispanic | 266 (25.8%) | 754 (24.2%) |
| Other | 41 (4.0%) | 103 (3.3%) |
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | ||
| Critical low: <7 | 0/872 (0%) | 10/2958 (0.3%) |
| Low: ≥7–11.9 | 227/872 (26%) | 1332/2958 (45%) |
| Normal: >11.9–15.6 | 634/872 (72.7%) | 1589/2958 (53.7%) |
| High: >15.6 | 11/872 (1.3%) | 27/2958 (0.9%) |
| Albumin level (g/dL) | ||
| Very low: ≥1.2– 2.1 | 1/889 (0.1%) | 29/2894 (1.0%) |
| Low: >2.1–3.4 | 32/889 (3.6%) | 398/2894 (13.8%) |
| Low normal: >3.4–3.9 | 127/889 (14.3%) | 727/2894 (25.1%) |
| Normal: >3.9–4.2 | 283/889 (31.8%) | 768/2894 (26.5%) |
| High Normal: >4.2–4.8 | 420/889 (47.2%) | 905/2894 (31.3%) |
| High: >4.8 | 26/889 (2.9%) | 67/2894 (2.3%) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | ||
| Normal: ≥90 | 659/1028 (64.1%) | 1758/3109 (56.5%) |
| Mild kidney disease: ≥60–89 | 306/1028 (29.8%) | 945/3109 (30.4%) |
| Moderate kidney disease: ≥30–59 | 45/1028 (4.4%) | 284/3109 (9.1%) |
| Severe kidney disease: ≥15–29 | 9/1028 (0.9%) | 44/3109 (1.4%) |
| Kidney failure: <15 | 9/1028 (0.9%) | 78/3109 (2.5%) |
| Unemployed | 565/945 (59.8%) | 2205/2998 (73.5%) |
| Hypertension | 629 (61.0%) | 2001 (64.2%) |
| HIV treatment era | ||
| <1998 | 78 (7.6%) | 425 (13.6%) |
| 1998–2004 | 126 (12.2%) | 552 (17.7%) |
| >2004 | 827 (80.2%) | 2142 (68.7%) |
| Medications with major additive CNS depression risk with concurrent methadone use | 192 (18.6%) | 753 (24.1%) |
| Benzodiazepine | 67 (6.5%) | 264 (8.5%) |
| Opioids ¥ | 115 (11.2%) | 448 (14.4%) |
| Medications that can increase risk for CNS depression¥ | 124 (12.0%) | 474 (15.2%) |
| No. of medications with conditional QT interval–prolonging effects¥ | ||
| 0 | 901/1030 (87.5%) | 2578/3114 (82.8%) |
| 1 | 103/1030 (10%) | 465/3114 (14.9%) |
| 2 | 25/1030 (2.4%) | 62/3114 (2%) |
| 3 | 1/1030 (0.1%) | 8/3114 (0.3%) |
| 4 | 0 | 1/3114 (0.0%) |
Data are no. (%) of women unless otherwise specified.
CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression; NA = not applicable.
*
Because of missing values for participants, the subgroup sample sizes may not sum up to 1031 and 3119 for HIV (−) and HIV (+) women, respectively
£
Recent was defined as in the past 6 months.
¥
Methadone was excluded.