Table 3:
Adjusted log odds (SE) of determinants with study outcomes for total study population and in-hospital study sample
| Prehospital Outcome (n=1335) | In-Hospital Outcomes (n=372) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival to Emergency Department | Survival to Hospital Admission | Survival to Hospital Discharge | Survival to Hospital Discharge (CPC 1–2) | |||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Patient Fixed Effects (Level 1) | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | 0.33 (0.12) | −1.44 (0.45) | 8.56 (5.69) | −0.34 (0.12) | −0.36 (0.87) | −5.93 (8.28) | −1.65 (0.24) | −1.73 (1.22) | −32.3 (14.8) | −2.57 (0.35) | −2.63 (2.44) | 8.76 (24.6) |
| Age | −0.01 | −0.01 | −0.02 (0.01)* | −0.03 (0.01)* | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.09 (0.04)* | −0.12 | ||||
| Sex (Female vs. Male) | 0.17 (0.17) | 0.18 (0.17) | 0.13 (0.31) | 0.10 (0.33) | 0.19 (1.46) | 0.23 (0.49) | −1.26 (0.99) | −1.69 | ||||
| Race (vs. White) | ||||||||||||
| Black/African-American | 0.72 (0.20)* | 0.70 (0.20)* | −0.31 (0.33) | −0.30 (0.4) | 0.14 (0.49) | 0.13 (0.53) | −0.36 (0.94) | −0.44 (1.06) | ||||
| Other/Unknown | 0.11 (0.76) | 0.20 (0.75) | 6.46 (15.7) | 6.86 (15.1) | −4.67 (20.3) | 0.13 (0.53) | −2.18 (45.6) | −1.57 (22.1) | ||||
| Witnessed Arrest: | 1.98 (0.30)* | 1.94 (0.30)* | −0.02 (0.51) | −0.24 (0.55) | 0.88 (0.78) | 0.47 (0.80) | 3.02 (1.87)* | 2.89 (1.88) | ||||
| Witnessed Arrest by Lay Person: | 0.46 (0.35) | 0.55 (0.35) | 0.21 (0.51) | 0.23 (0.54) | −0.11 (0.68) | 0.15 (0.71) | 0.92 (1.40) | 1.09 (1.49) | ||||
| ROSC Prior to ED Arrival: | --- | --- | --- | 2.91 (0.35)* | 3.16 (0.39)* | 3.83 (0.75)* | 4.17 (0.89)* | 5.53 (2.48)* | 6.60 (2.71)* | |||
| Bystander AED: | −0.65 (0.4) | −0.58 (0.39) | −0.10 (0.65) | −0.26 (0.72) | 0.99 (0.91) | 0.86 (0.97) | 4.60 (2.01)* | 4.08 (1.70)* | ||||
| Bystander CPR: | 1.37 (0.23)* | 1.31 (0.22)* | −0.19 (0.36) | −0.17 (0.39) | 0.31 (0.56) | −0.15 (0.60) | −0.37 (0.96) | −0.29 (1.01) | ||||
| Shockable Initial Rhythm (VF/VT): | 3.23 (0.50)* | 3.18 (0.50)* | 0.96 (0.35)* | 0.95 (0.38)* | 1.80 (0.54)* | 1.88 (0.58)* | 0.45 (0.90) | 0.62 (0.91) | ||||
| Arrest at Home (vs. Public): | −0.50 | −0.46 | −0.51 (0.31) | −0.45 (0.33) | −0.81 | −0.63 (0.50) | −1.22 (0.87) | −0.97 (0.88) | ||||
| Arrest After EMS Arrival | 3.19 (0.67)* | 3.11 (0.67)* | 0.59 (0.56) | 0.84 (0.59) | 0.52 (0.83) | 0.68 (0.82) | 0.52 (1.49) | 0.90 (1.56) | ||||
| Arrest in Afternoon-Evening Hours | 0.60 (0.17)* | 0.59 (0.17)* | 0.14 (0.31) | 0.14 (0.32) | −0.88 | −0.98 | −1.32 (1.04) | −1.91 | ||||
| Time EMS Dispatch to Scene (min.) | 0.10 (0.02)* | 0.12 (0.02)* | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.07) | 0.03 (0.07) | 0.09 (0.13) | 0.01 (0.13) | ||||
| Time EMS On Scene (min.) | --- | --- | --- | 0.00 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.03) | −0.08 | −0.09 | −0.15 (0.10) | −0.15 (0.10) | |||
| Time Transport to ED (min.) | --- | --- | --- | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.08) | |||
| Transport Miles (mi.) | --- | --- | --- | −0.12 (0.06)* | −0.12 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.15) | 0.06 (0.17) | |||
| Census Fixed Effects (Level 2) | ||||||||||||
| Metropolitan Area (2.0) | −0.77 | −0.35 (1.01) | 1.21 (1.57) | −2.07 (2.18) | ||||||||
| Percent Living Alone | 0.00 (1.05) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.14 (0.11) | −0.14 (0.21) | ||||||||
| Percent Uninsured | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.14) | ||||||||
| Percent College Graduate | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.10 (0.05) | −0.09 (0.08) | −0.45 | ||||||||
| Percent High School Graduate | −0.04 | 0.03 (0.02)* | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.055 (0Ό6) | ||||||||
| Unemployment Rate | 0.05 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.05) | −0.19 | −0.27 | ||||||||
| Percent of Families in Poverty | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.04)* | −0.04 (0.08) | ||||||||
| Percent 65 Years or Older | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.16) | −0.11 (0.27) | ||||||||
| Percent 85 Years or Older | −0.10 (0.15) | −0.26 (0.33) | −0.10 (0.52) | 0.66 (0.90) | ||||||||
| Percent Female | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.11 (0.06)* | 0.31 (0.17)* | 0.33 (0.25) | ||||||||
| Percent Black or African American | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.07 (0.05) | ||||||||
| Average Household Size | −3.03 | −0.75 (2.70) | 2.94 (4.08) | −6.84 (7.46) | ||||||||
| Percent Vacant Housing Units | −0.08 | −0.04 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.08) | −0.03 (0.16) | ||||||||
| Model Fit | ||||||||||||
| -2 log likelihood (−2LL) | 1778.73 | 1093.48** | 1056.58** | 504.31 | 339.49** | 319.60 | 340.93 | 202.75** | 176.42** | 227.31 | 117.91** | 89.00** |
*
Indicates p <0.05
*
Indicates p <0.10
**
Likelihood ratio test compared to previous model is significant (improvement of model fit)