Fig. 1.

Spectrum of common phenotypic subtypes in ccRCC. Representative H&E-stained images of ccRCCs showing the following subtypes and their frequencies in our cohort (n = 549). (a) Architectural features: compact small nests, large nests, thick trabecular/insular, solid sheet, microcystic, tubular/acinar, bleeding follicles, alveolar and papillary/pseudopapillary. (b) Cytologic features: hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC (HLRCC)-like, degenerating giant cells, syncytial giant cells, tumor cells with scant cytoplasm, tumors with abundant cytoplasm/translocation RCC (tRCC)-like, cytoplasmic hyaline globules, clear cell papillary RCC (ccPRCC)-like, chromophobe-RCC (ChRCC)-like, rhabdoid, sarcomatoid, and cytoplasmic spindling. (c) Tumor microenvironment (TME): peritumoral, septal, and intratumoral lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, intratumoral neutrophilic infiltrate, nodular growth, tumor infiltration into the renal parenchyma (nodular, sheet-like or single cell pattern).