Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| EE (n = 19) | Exo (n = 19) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54.00 ± 10.01 | 49.47 ± 10.88 | 0.19* |
| Sex, male | 11 (57.9) | 15 (78.9) | 0.16† |
| Time from stroke, months | 6.42 ± 5.06 | 8.26 ± 7.57 | 0.56‡ |
| Affected arm, right | 9 (47.4) | 11 (57.9) | 0.52† |
| Stroke type, infarction | 10 (52.6) | 5 (26.3) | 0.97† |
| FMA–Proximal | 10.68 ± 3.97 | 10.68 ± 3.97 | 0.73‡ |
| FMA–Total | 15.37 ± 5.14 | 15.26 ± 4.37 | 0.75‡ |
| WMFT–FAS | 8.63 ± 6.92 | 9.89 ± 6.48 | 0.58‡ |
| WMFT–Weight | 1.74 ± 5.95 | 2.11 ± 2.77 | 0.091‡ |
| WMFT–Time | 3.09 ± 0.12 | 3.06 ± 0.13 | 0.34‡ |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). *t-test, †χ2 test, ‡Mann–Whitney U test. EE, end-effector; Exo, exoskeleton; FMA, Fugl–Meyer Assessment; WMFT, Wolf Motor Function Test; FAS, functional ability rating scale.