Table 2.

Comparisons of performance changes at T4, T8, and T10 in the EE and Exo groups.

	EE (n = 19)				Exo (n = 19)				Interaction
	T0	T4	T8	T10	T0	T4	T8	T10	F	p-value
FMA–Total	15.4 ± 5.1	17.0 ± 5.2	17.9 ± 6.5	19.2 ± 7.4	15.3 ± 4.4	15.5 ± 4.5	16.7 ± 4.5	17.7 ± 4.8	0.809	0.492
FMA–Prox	10.7 ± 4.4	11.8 ± 4.1	12.4 ± 4.7	13.3 ± 5.3	10.7 ± 4.0	11.3 ± 4.0	11.7 ± 3.8	12.5 ± 4.0	0.410	0.746
WMFT–FAS	8.6 ± 6.9	11.5 ± 7.2	12.8 ± 9.3	13.4 ± 9.1	9.9 ± 6.5	10.6 ± 6.8	12.7 ± 7.3	12.8 ± 7.3	1.222	0.305
WMFT–Time	3.1 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.3	2.9 ± 0.2	3.1 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.1	2.595	0.056
WMFT–Weights	1.7 ± 6.0	2.4 ± 6.8	2.8 ± 6.4	2.8 ± 7.1	2.1 ± 2.8	3.1 ± 3.4	3.4 ± 3.4	3.5 ± 3.9	0.141	0.936
MSS– Total	9.0 ± 5.1	11.1 ± 5.7	11.9 ± 6.0	13.2 ± 6.8	8.8 ± 4.5	10.0 ± 4.6	11.0 ± 5.5	11.0 ± 5.8	0.802	0.500
MSS–Prox	8.1 ± 4.2	9.3 ± 4.8	10.8 ± 5.0	12.0 ± 5.4	8.0 ± 3.5	9.1 ± 4.1	10.3 ± 4.4	10.4 ± 4.9	0.940	0.424
SIS–Hand	5.5 ± 10.7	20.5 ± 31.1			7.9 ± 19.4	14.2 ± 20.5			1.277	0.266
SIS–Strength	14.1 ± 13.3	17.4 ± 20.0			19.7 ± 19.5	21.4 ± 15.6			0.064	0.803
SIS–ADLs/IADLs	48.4 ± 22.8	50.0 ± 20.9			45.4 ± 21.2	48.4 ± 18.6			0.098	0.756
SIS–Social participation	49.7 ± 36.5	65.1 ± 33.2			65.9 ± 28.1	62.8 ± 32.6			3.270	0.079
SIS–Composite	103.7 ± 44.7	135.6 ± 66.7			119.3 ± 25.7	124.4 ± 40.6			2.539	0.120
SIS–Overall	382.2 ± 124.6	422.7 ± 141.7			371.0 ± 79.3	414.6 ± 81.9			0.0039	0.845

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. EE, end-effector; Exo, exoskeleton; FMA, Fugl–Meyer Assessment; WMFT, Wolf Motor Function Test; FAS, functional ability rating scale; MSS, motor status score; SIS, stroke impact scale; ADLs, activities of daily living; IADLs, instrumental activities of daily living.