Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study groups after propensity score matching.
| Control (n = 83,302) | HP-infected group (n = 41,651) | Standardized difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.01812 | ||
| Female | 37,632 (45.18%) | 18,875 (45.32%) | |
| Male | 45,670 (54.82%) | 22,776 (54.68%) | |
| Age | 0.01883 | ||
| <30 | 8,832 (10.60%) | 4,651 (11.17%) | |
| 30–45 | 24,299 (29.17%) | 12,151 (29.17%) | |
| 45–65 | 37,272 (44.74%) | 18,501 (44.42%) | |
| ≥65 | 12,899 (15.48%) | 6,348 (15.24%) | |
| Urbanization | 0.00577 | ||
| Urban | 50,941 (61.15%) | 25,555 (61.36%) | |
| Suburban | 24,336 (29.21%) | 12,149 (29.17%) | |
| Rural | 8,025 (9.63%) | 3,947 (9.48%) | |
| Low income | 320 (0.38%) | 179 (0.43%) | 0.00717 |
| Length of hospital stays‡ | 0.00779 | ||
| 0 day | 70,333 (84.43%) | 35,197 (84.5%) | |
| 1–6 days | 7,980 (9.58%) | 4,031 (9.68%) | |
| ≥7 days | 4,989 (5.99%) | 2,423 (5.82%) | |
| Comorbidity‡ | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 939 (1.13%) | 509 (1.22%) | 0.00880 |
| Sjogren's syndrome | 472 (0.57%) | 252 (0.61%) | 0.00503 |
| Hypertension | 18,500 (22.21%) | 9,148 (21.96%) | −0.00590 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9,573 (11.49%) | 4,681 (11.24%) | −0.00798 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 13,243 (15.90%) | 6,484 (15.57%) | −0.00907 |
| Coronary artery disease | 8,307 (9.97%) | 4,206 (10.1%) | 0.00420 |
| Osteoporosis | 4,333 (5.2%) | 2,206 (5.3%) | 0.00425 |
| Cerebral vascular accident | 3,964 (4.76%) | 1,988 (4.77%) | 0.00068 |
| Asthma | 4,394 (5.27%) | 2,263 (5.43%) | 0.00704 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 9,465 (11.36%) | 4,725 (11.34%) | −0.00057 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 867 (1.04%) | 463 (1.11%) | 0.00686 |
| Chronic liver diseases | 13,832 (16.6%) | 6,781 (16.28%) | −0.00874 |
| Chronic urticaria | 5,204 (6.25%) | 2,627 (6.31%) | 0.00247 |
| Tuberculosis | 770 (0.92%) | 421 (1.01%) | 0.00883 |
| Pneumonia | 2,331 (2.8%) | 1,192 (2.86%) | 0.00384 |
| Sepsis | 419 (0.50%) | 238 (0.57%) | 0.00936 |
| Herpes zoster | 1,241 (1.49%) | 640 (1.54%) | 0.00384 |
‡
The length of hospital stays and comorbidity were identified within 2 years before index date.