TABLE 1.

Summary of the preclinical studies investigating the pathophysiology of PD-related neuropsychiatric-like disorders.

Behavior	Animal model	Target region (+ treatment if any)	Reduced/reversed by	Study
Depression-like	6-OHDA-lesioned mice	Bilateral dorsolateral striatum	Pramipexole, Reboxetine	Bonito-Oliva et al., 2014
		Bilateral SNc	L-DOPA, pramipexole	Chiu et al., 2015
	6-OHDA-lesioned rats	Bilateral dorsal striatum		Branchi et al., 2008
		Bilateral medial VTA		Drui et al., 2014
		Bilateral MFB		Faggiani et al., 2015
		Bilateral MFB and 5-HT/NA lesions		Faggiani et al., 2015
		Bilateral SNc	L-DOPA, Ropinirole, SKF38393, Sumanirole, PD-128907	Carnicella et al., 2014; Drui et al., 2014
		Bilateral SNc	Ketamine, Imipramine	Vecchia et al., 2018
		Bilateral SNc		Santiago et al., 2010
		Bilateral SNc and olfactory bulb		Ilkiw et al., 2019
		Bilateral ventrolateral dorsal striatum		Tadaiesky et al., 2008; da Silva et al., 2016
		Olfactory bulb		Ilkiw et al., 2019
		Unilateral MFB		Eskow Jaunarajs et al., 2010
		Unilateral MFB	Sarizotan	Zhang et al., 2011
		Unilateral MFB	5-HT1A, 5-HT6 agonist; 5-HT7 agonist or antagonist	Hui et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015
		Unilateral SNc	Muscimol	Wang T. et al., 2017
		Unilateral SNc	5-HT7 antagonist	Han et al., 2015, 2016
		Unilateral SNc and VTA	Citalopram, L-DOPA	Winter et al., 2007
	MPTP-intoxicated mice			Vuckovic et al., 2008
			L-DOPA and D2 agonist	Mori et al., 2005
	MPTP-intoxicated rats	Bilateral SNc		Santiago et al., 2010
	D3 dopamine receptor knockout mice			Moraga-Amaro et al., 2014
	Engrailed1 heterozygote mice			Le Pen et al., 2008
	Human α-synuclein overexpressing rats	Bilateral SNc		Caudal et al., 2015
	MitoPark mice			Cong et al., 2016
	VMAT2 low expression mice			Taylor et al., 2009
Anxiety-like	6-OHDA-lesioned mice	Bilateral dorsolateral striatum	Pramipexole, Reboxetine	Bonito-Oliva et al., 2014
	6-OHDA-lesioned rats	Bilateral MFB	L-DOPA	Faggiani et al., 2018
		Bilateral SNc	SKF-38193, Sumanirole, PD-1289907	Carnicella et al., 2014; Drui et al., 2014
		Bilateral SNc		Campos et al., 2013
		Bilateral SNc	L-DOPA	Loiodice et al., 2019
		Bilateral striatum	MPEP (mGluR5 antagonist)	Chen et al., 2011a
		Bilateral striatum		Tadaiesky et al., 2008
		Unilateral MFB		Eskow Jaunarajs et al., 2010
		Unilateral MFB	L-DOPA	Zhang et al., 2011; O’Connor et al., 2016
		Unilateral MFB	5-HT1A agonist, 5-HT6 agonist or antagonist	Sun et al., 2015
	MPTP-intoxicated mice			Gorton et al., 2010
	MPTP-intoxicated rats	Bilateral SNc		Wang et al., 2009; Sy et al., 2010
	Parkin exon 3 knockout mice			Zhu et al., 2007
	VMAT2 low expression mice			Taylor et al., 2009
	A53T α-synuclein transgenic rhesus macaques			Niu et al., 2015
Apathy-like	6-OHDA-lesioned rats	Bilateral SNc	Ropinirole, Pramipexole, PD-128907	Carnicella et al., 2014; Drui et al., 2014; Favier et al., 2014
	MPTP-intoxicated macaques			Brown et al., 2012; Tian et al., 2015
	MPTP-intoxicated macaques	(+ Bicuculline)		Sgambato-Faure et al., 2016
	VMAT2 low expression mice			Baumann et al., 2016
Psychosis-like	6-OHDA-lesioned rats	Bilateral SNc	Pimavanserin	McFarland et al., 2011; Hubbard et al., 2013
	MPTP-intoxicated macaques	(+ L-DOPA)	MDMA	Beaudoin-Gobert et al., 2015
	MPTP-intoxicated marmosets	(+ L-DOPA, Apomorphine, Pergolide, Ropinirole, Pramipexole)	Haloperidol, Clozapine, Quietapine	Fox et al., 2006; Visanji et al., 2006
Impulsive-like	6-OHDA-lesioned rats	Bilateral striatum		Tedford et al., 2015
	6-OHDA-lesioned rats	Bilateral striatum (+ Pramipexole)	Mirtazapine	Holtz et al., 2016
	Human A53T α-synuclein overexpressing rats	Bilateral SNc		Engeln et al., 2016; Jiménez-Urbieta et al., 2019
	Human A53T α-synuclein overexpressing rats	Bilateral SNc (+ Pramipexole)		Engeln et al., 2016; Jiménez-Urbieta et al., 2019
Compulsive-like	6-OHDA-lesioned rats	Bilateral SNc and VTA (+ Pramipexole)		Dardou et al., 2017
	MPTP-intoxicated macaques	(+ Bicuculline)		Sgambato-Faure et al., 2016
	MPTP-intoxicated African green monkeys