. 2020 Jan 29;11:91. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00091

TABLE 3.

Multivariate Analysis of Covariance of Group (Gay Fathers through surrogacy, Gay Fathers through Heterosexual Relationship, and Heterosexual Fathers) for Psychological Wellbeing Concomitants (Age, Place of Birth, Economic Status, Self-Rated Health, Self-Rated Religiousness, Relationship Status, Number of Children, Children’s Mean Age and Children’s Residency Controlled).

Dependent measures	Wilks’s ∧	Descriptives						F	p	Partial eta squared
		Gay fathers through surrogacy		Gay fathers through heterosexual relationship		Heterosexual fathers
		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
	0.894							F(6,348) = 3.345	0.003	0.055
Depressive symptoms		1.50^a	0.40	1.60^a	0.43	1.50^a	0.35	F(2,176) = 1.806	0.167	0.020
Life satisfaction		5.31^a	1.16	5.18^a,b	1.08	4.70^b	1.39	F(2,176) = 4.827	0.009	0.052
Parenthood satisfaction		9.34^a	0.90	8.03^a	2.24	8.27^b	1.72	F(2,176) = 3.556	0.031	0.039

N = 188. The MANCOVA test regarding depressive symptoms, life satisfaction and parenthood satisfaction compared the respective mean ratings of the three study groups. Significant pairwise comparisons are noted by different superscripts within each sociodemographic variable (according to Bonferroni post hoc tests).