TABLE 4.
Analysis of Covariance of Group (Gay Fathers through surrogacy, Gay Fathers through Heterosexual Relationship, and Heterosexual Fathers) for Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness (Age, Place of Birth, Economic Status, Self-Rated Health, Self-Rated Religiousness, Relationship Status, Number of Children, Children’s Mean Age and Children’s Residency Controlled).
| Dependent measures |
Descriptives |
F | p | Partial eta squared | |||||
|
Gay fathers through surrogacy |
Gay fathers through heterosexual relationship |
Heterosexual fathers |
|||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| Extraversion | 3.64 a | 0.72 | 3.50 b | 0.69 | 3.40 b | 0.63 | F(2,179) = 4.182 | 0.017 | 0.045 |
| Neuroticism | 2.55 a | 0.80 | 2.35 a | 0.84 | 2.39 a | 0.87 | F(2,179) = 1.325 | 0.268 | 0.015 |
| Conscientiousness | 3.73 a | 0.76 | 3.84 a | 0.54 | 3.85 a | 0.75 | F(2,179) = 0.204 | 0.816 | 0.002 |
| Agreeableness | 3.65 a | 0.55 | 3.99 a | 0.48 | 3.85 a | 0.64 | F(2,179) = 0.795 | 0.453 | 0.009 |
| Openness | 3.92 a | 0.67 | 3.96 a | 0.58 | 4.03 a | 0.47 | F(2,179) = 1.146 | 0.320 | 0.013 |
N = 191. The ANCOVA tests regarding Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness compared the respective mean ratings of the three study groups. Significant pairwise comparisons are noted by different superscripts within each sociodemographic variable.