Table 1.
Year, genome size (bp), and the number of authors involved in pioneering genome engineering projects of the last 30 years.
| Year | DNA size (bp) | Collaboration size (# authors) | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | 207 | 1 | Khorana5 | First synthetic gene |
| 1990 | 2050 | 4 | Mandecki et al.6 | First synthetic plasmid |
| 1995 | 2700 | 5 | Stemmer et al.7 | Synthetic plasmid |
| 2002 | 7.5000E+03 | 3 | Cello et al.8 | Polio virus cDNA |
| 2004 | 1.4600E+04 | 7 | Tian et al.9 | rRNA genes |
| 2004 | 3.1656E+04 | 6 | Kodumal et al.10 | Gene cluster |
| 2008 | 5.8297E+05 | 17 | Gibson et al.11 | Mycoplasma genitalium |
| 2010 | 5.3100E+05 | 24 | Gibson et al.12 | Mycoplasma mycoide, JCVI synthetic cell |
| 2011 | 9.1010E+04 | 15 | Dymond et al.16 | Sc 2.0 synIXR |
| 2014 | 2.7287E+05 | 80 | Annaluru et al.17 | Yeast chromosome synIII |
| 2016 | 3.9700E+06 | 21 | Ostrov et al.13 | Partially recoded E. coli, 62 K edits in genome |
| 2017 | 2.0000E+05 | 13 | Lau et al.15 | Salmonella typhimurium partial genome |
| 2019 | 4.0000E+06 | 14 | Fredens et al.14 | Recoded E. coli |
| 2020 | 1.14E+07 | 172 | Richardson et al.18 | Sc 2.0 estimated completion date; Genome size from Table 3 in reference; Collaboration size estimated from Sc 2.0 website |
These data are plotted in Fig. 1