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. 2020 Feb 4;11:563. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14371-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The fermentation performance of the printed hydrogel inks was tested for both bacterial (E. coli) and yeast (S. cerevisiae)-laden gels testing the production of 2,3-butanediol (a), l-DOPA (b), ethanol (c) and a peptide antibiotic (d). The production (pre- and post-preservation) is demonstrated in (a), (b), and (d). The production of ethanol from a year-long fermentation re-use process was evaluated using cell-laden hydrogel lattices (pictured top left in (c). Scale bar: 1 cm). Data are mean ± s.d.; n = 3 biological replicates for (a), (b) and (d); n = 4 biological replicates for (c). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.