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. 2020 Feb 4;11:563. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14371-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Betaxanthins production was compared between separate (printing E. coli and yeast gel separately) and mixed (mixing two species in the same gel) hydrogels. Both separate and mixed gels encapsulated the same initial number of consortia cells. Data are mean ± s.d.; n = 9 biological replicates. **p-value (0.0054) for the means of two groups was calculated using unpaired t test with Welch’s correction. p-value (0.024) for the standard deviations of two groups was calculated using the Levene’s test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.